tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-79410927889962558882024-03-14T00:36:19.984-07:00Steps in writing a research paper for high schoolMikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.comBlogger165125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-54132322853245959072020-09-03T00:46:00.001-07:002020-09-03T00:46:11.297-07:00International Trade and Enterprise for Greenhouse - myassignmenthelpQuestion: Examine about theInternational Trade and Enterprise for Greenhouse. Answer: Presentation Essential, theres a developing worldwide worry over climatic changes and the emanation of nursery gasses. Unexpectedly ,China and the United States notwithstanding being the biggest producers of nurseries gases ,their administrations hasnt found a way to moderate the impacts of the nurseries gases on the earth .However ,most Latin America, Africa ,Europe and Middle-Eastern economies have checked out directing carbon emissions(Stokes, Wike and Carle,2015)Arguably ,affluent and increasingly created nations are required to assume greater liability in environmental change relief and outflow of ozone harming substances because of the high fixation rate they are assumed liable for. Further, the staggering impacts of environmental change because of discharge of nurseries, for example, high temperatures, ascends in ocean levels, dry season and cruel climate are among the explanations behind the worry for climatic change activity. Further, atmosphere constraining which is a result of environmental change because of changes in earths vitality balance causing unreasonably warm or cooling impact. Climatic change is probably going to prompt cataclysmic events, for example, exceptional tempests, tropical storm which will obliterate human lives and property along these lines the fixation on controlling ozone harming substances and environmental change .The indispensable idea of life which could be annihilated by catastrophic events because of a dangerous atmospheric devation or climatic change has additionally made the need to alleviate climatic changes. The Garnaut Review Basically, the Garnaut Review investigates the ramifications of climatic changes on the Australian populace. Australia must partake in the worldwide field to relieve the impacts of atmosphere changes. As per Garnaut, environmental change is because of human obstruction through action .The Review is delineated into three sections recognizing the worry for changing climatic conditions, the means to be attempted by the legislature of Australia and the versatile changes to be embraced. Further,Garnaut centers around amount of ozone depleting substance emanations, overall plans on discharges, carbon valuing, and political interests and versatile measures. Furthermore, impacts of carbon valuing upon rural and power in environmental change endeavors has been elucidated. Likewise, temperature, the carbon cycle and different nurseries gases, methane, nitrous oxide have been is sketched out in the audit. Arrangements Presented by Garnaut Review Carbon evaluating has been proposed to cut carbon outflows. Besides, theres requirement for rigid and brief usage of moderation strategies for nursery gasses emanation. Carbon sequestration is additionally proposed to catch and store carbon based discharges from entering the air. Important, carbon sequestration would be a viable methods were it moderate and accessible universally. Anyway because of the costly mechanical gear and upkeep costs ,its a little scope outflow control system .Expansion of sustainable power source limits by various nations will enormously diminish carbon emanations because of vitality productivity and ecological amicability of these inexhaustible sources. Overshooting and use of sun based radiation redirectors is probably going to lessen carbon emanations and relieve impacts of an unnatural weather change separately. Additionally, reception of clean turn of events and mechanical components has demonstrated to lessen carbon discharges. Execution of low outflow innovative improvements has been progressed in vitality and the vehicle segments of different economies to diminish carbon discharges through eco-friendliness and fuse of inexhaustible wellsprings of vitality. The utilization of inexhaustible wellsprings of vitality has extraordinarily helped carbon outflows. Further, theres energized utilization of natural cultivating techniques and hardware underway in an offer to advance condition well disposed practices and diminish ecological contamination. Elective Approaches to Carbon Emission Cuts and their Effectiveness The execution of ozone harming substance outflow targets has decreased the fixation level of nursery gasses. Significantly, part conditions of the European Union have focused on a 20percent outflow cut for nursery gasses for the year 2020.Further, European Countries have bought in to 20percent vitality utilization of sustainable power source with an end goal to decrease carbon discharge cuts. Likewise, theres a 40percent objective for the year 2030 as per the European Union (European Commission, n.d) Moreover, theres monetary and administrative system for carbon outflow slices through the Emissions Trading plan and a 20% budgetary assignment towards atmosphere activity. Significantly, advertise based methodologies have been actualized to decrease the pace of carbon discharges .Primarily, carbon tax assessment frameworks have been acquainted in different economies with cut outflows. Generally, higher tax assessment is probably going to lessen the amount request and gracefully as per value flexibility and the law of interest (Kaufman, 2016) Through carbon tax assessment, the amount of carbon produced is low. The impact of tax collection on carbon discharges is immediate therefore its proficiency is ensured. Moreover, top and exchange exercises have been utilized to empower decrease in carbon emanations through low costing framework. Merchants in carbon-based assets are urged to utilize low carbon-based advances. Assurance and steadiness of carbon costs has made this two techniques well known .However ,there's restricted government intercession since most partners are private investors(Kaufman,2016) Transcendently, showcase based methodologies have been embraced to help sliced carbon discharges through the foundation of carbon exchanging game plans which likewise offers motivators for sequestration of carbon-based gases (Raymond and Shively, n .d) The possibility of carbon exchanging was proposed by Richard coase who accepted that in case of property rights condition neighborly achievements will be attempted by private partners. Through the money related motivating forces accessible for farming and power based carbon sequestration, the volume of carbon outflows goes down (Raymond and Shively, n. d) Private state holders will be propelled to cut carbon and other ozone harming substances discharges notwithstanding monetary profit. Further, the development of inexhaustible limit is a prominent move to cut carbon outflows. Basically, theres overdependence in non-inexhaustible types of vitality, for example, coal and non-renewable energy sources. What's more, presentation of eco-friendliness and transportation measures will help decrease carbon emanations (Union of Concerned Scientists, n .d.)Furthermore, generous venture into reforestation and restriction tops on carbon creation and outflows will fundamentally diminish the degree of carbon discharges in Australia and around the world .Clean vitality utilize is compelling however costly regarding innovation and hardware subsequently its deficiency in totally lessening carbon emanation cuts (Union of Concerned Scientists, n .d) Remarkably, New Zealand has joined the utilization of outflow decrease targets and exchanging framework to help lessen emanation of carbon and other ozone depleting substances into its air. Besides, it has embraced the perfect advancement innovation in its key area industry to diminish the volume of carbon-based discharges (Ministry for the Environment and Energy ,n .d.) Predominantly ,vitality based protection and effectiveness methods have been utilized to decrease carbon outflows .Primarily ,utilization of sans carbon and carbon decreased vitality sources has considerably decreased carbon emanations using sustainable power source, for example, sunlight based ,wind and geothermal. Likewise, carbon stockpiling and sequestration has been actualized to decrease quickly developing paces of carbon outflows (Tribal Energy and Environmental Information, n .d.) Regarding viability, it is viewed as exorbitant to sequestrarise subsequently it is more averse to cut discharges for a huge scope. The United Nations Report prescribes higher discharge focuses before 2020 to effectively help alleviate the difficulties of worldwide environmental change. An objective of forty giga huge amounts of carbon emanations constantly 2025 and 22 gigatonne focus for 2050(Milman, 2013) Australia relief endeavors joined with other worldwide economies carbon cuts discharges will go far in decreasing by and large centralization of nursery gasses .In the since a long time ago run, Carbon outflow cuts limits the impacts of ozone harming substances on worldwide climatic changes. Central Government Climate Action Further, theres the utilization of outflow control arrangements by the Australian government to control the settlement of carbon based gasses into the air. As proposed by the Garnaut Review, outflow cost and target have been executed by the Australian government. Required extension of power delivered by sustainable power sources, arrangement of emanation balances and utilization of vitality proficiency structures and machines has been actualized to support carbon discharge cuts .what's more, outflows measures has been set for fuel emanations and impetuses offered to open partners for carbon outflow cuts(Nielson ,n.d.)Despite the use of these outflow control strategies, they havent had the option to sufficiently lessen or annihilate considerable grouping of carbon emanations. What's more, the Australian government has presented and allotted assets towards decrease of ozone depleting substances comprehensive of carbon gases. Basically, the Emission Reduction Fund has profited influential monetary impetuses for partners for condition amicable based practices comprehensive of carbon outflow cuts (Department of the Environment,2014)The subsidize means to elevate ecological interests to help relieve the impacts of environmental change credited to high emanations of ozone depleting substances by personal business partners. Within the sight of motivating forces and endowments in business tasks, most partners are increasingly disposed to help out condition neighborly ap Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-49848470346611492352020-08-22T17:35:00.001-07:002020-08-22T17:35:45.069-07:00Bilingualism and diglossia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsBilingualism and diglossia - Assignment Example I will take a gander at great and expanded diglossia, diglossia as a continuum, address diglossia inside the setting of language move and connection among diglossia and language assortments. I will join basic assessments of recognized scientists inside the structure of the conversation to give consistency and breadth of the examination and represent contrasts and likenesses among diglossia and bilingualism with various instances of the manner in which individuals collaborate inside networks of such nations as Switzerland, Germany, Italy or New Zealand. Regardless of whether diglossia is actually a sort of bilingualism is contested. While various analysts classify diglossia only inside the system of bilingualism, others, unexpectedly, treat diglossia and bilingualism as two separate phonetic wonders in their own right, which will in general cover one another. In this exposition I will address a few parts of diglossia inside the setting of its connection to bilingualism alluding to the investigations of the analysts who weight on the two similitudes and contrasts among diglossia and bilingualism. As indicated by Charles Ferguson, who initially brought the idea of diglossia into semantic talk in 1959, diglossia and bilingualism are firmly related ideas (Ferguson, 1959). Diglossia is an across the board sociolinguistic marvel that applies to a circumstance inside the structure of one discourse network, when speakers utilize at least two language assortments relying upon open setting changing from either nearby vernacular to the scholar ly standard language or the other way around (Ferguson, 1959). For example, a speaker may utilize a neighborhood tongue of Italian language when conveying to his/her relatives at home or companions in casual climate and change to the artistic standard Italian during open discourse in formal environment or during a discussion with comrades from different locales of Italy. It must be noticed that as indicated by Ferguson, diglossia is Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-67842777864980162282020-08-21T15:17:00.001-07:002020-08-21T15:17:26.502-07:00Experience from Part Time JobEXPERIENCE FROM PART-TIME JOB Every youngster in the long run needs to think about a lifelong way, and working low maintenance occupations are a typical method to pick up involvement with figuring out which vocation field is directly for the person. Low maintenance employments are acceptable approach to pick up experience in a specific position, but at the same time are instrumental in showing a newcomer to the working scene various significant aptitudes that are important to prevail in the long haul. From the genuine circumstance â⬠one day to be a serving staff at a bistro, I myself find that low maintenance work exercises give me numerous helpful lessons.Working condition is the best approach to have numerous communications among us and clients, accomplices, likewise the chiefs. The significant thing I need to specify is ââ¬Å"to be inviting, cordial and politeâ⬠. Once in a while, the grumbling of clients, the analysis of the administrator make u so confounded. Notwithsta nding, figuring out how to experience the ill effects of such things like that is likewise an exercise when you are occupied with low maintenance work. In this way, ââ¬Å"work rapidly and remain quiet under pressureâ⬠. In addition, being in workplace forces me to improve relational abilities. At the first occasion when, I felt so modest in view of my influent communicability.But, thank to character of the activity, I attempt to beat myself and improve it however much as could be expected. I think it works some way. At last, what I gained from low maintenance work is capacity to perform multiple tasks. Having association aptitudes is significant even in the most sloppy, tumultuous climate. In spite of the fact that the low maintenance work I picked isn't applicable to my major, I despite everything believe it's valuable, in any event in the present time. Low maintenance occupations are a decent method to learn experience about working, yet offer various delicate abilities that I am certain it will be essential for my activity later on. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-45254786861967177482020-06-06T04:51:00.001-07:002020-06-06T04:51:02.876-07:00Malcolm X His Voice in Poetry and Politics - Literature Essay Samples In her poem ââ¬Å"For Malcolm X,â⬠Margaret Walker states ââ¬Å"[t]he voice has goneâ⬠(1) on the death of the late Civil Rights activist and the leader within the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X. Malcolm X used his voice to influence millions of African Americans grasping for a shimmer of hope within the darkness, African Americans who lived lives where every day was a constant struggle for survival. These oppressed people subsisted in fear of the white men walking passed them on the streets, fearing that this may be their last day alive. For these people, Malcolm X was their champion. He gave these victims of continued prejudice a voice. He spoke out against the white men who led this country with the threat of violence. He inspired his people to fight back and take what was rightfully theirs with his dying breath, stating, ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s got to be the ballot or the bulletâ⬠(Malcolm X 5). ââ¬Å"The Ballot or the Bulletâ⬠by Malcolm X and ââ¬Å"For Malcolm Xà ¢â¬ by Margaret Walker depict the rise of Malcolm X to the height of his greatness and his sudden plummet to martyrdom following his death. Through the power of his voice and the strength of his words, Malcolm X was cast as a harbinger for freedom, until he was gone and his followers were once again lost. ââ¬Å"The Ballot or The Bulletâ⬠is Malcolm Xââ¬â¢s call to arms, his omen to the white man for what is to come, his call to unite the African American people of the United States to take a stand against oppression. In his speech, Malcolm X states, Thatââ¬â¢s why, in 1964, itââ¬â¢s time now for you and me to become more politically mature and realize what the ballot is for; what weââ¬â¢re supposed to get when we cast a ballot; and that if we donââ¬â¢t cast a ballot, itââ¬â¢s going to end up in a situation where weââ¬â¢re going to have to cast a bullet. Itââ¬â¢s either a ballot or a bullet (Malcolm X 7). African Americans listened to him speak and were inspired to take action themselves, based on his words. If white Americans were killing black Americans without repercussions, then why should black Americans be the only ones dying at the hands of racism? To put it in Malcom Xââ¬â¢s own words, ââ¬Å"[l]et your dying be reciprocalâ⬠(9). Under his blunt influence, the Black Panthers, a more violent Civil Rights activist group, was formed. As Walker states, he led his people ââ¬Å"Out of the wilderness / Out of the carnage kingdom / Out of the mireâ⬠(2-5). Malcolm X led his people out of the fire. He led them to a better way of life, towards their rights and freedom. He inspired them to grow strong. He hardened them against the fear and hate of the nation. His voice taught them to be brave and powerful. Like Moses leading the Israelites out of Egypt, Malcolm X led his black brothers and sisters out of the fear and oppression that had been inherited through generations of racism. However, once he was gone, that power, that bravery, that hardened soul all came crashing down. In ââ¬Å"For Malcolm Xâ⬠, Walker states: And without his eloquence We are mute And rocks and stones break in the soul The world winds On its frozen axis The dizzy oceans churn our pain. All needed storms abate Themselves. Moons freeze the rain. (5-12) As Walker sees it, African Americans lost their champion. They lost their voice. The hardness instilled upon them by Malcolm X, that resolve to no longer be afraid broke. To the African Americans of the country, it felt as if the Earth has frozen over, like all life had been sucked out of the world; however, their pain was visible. Their pain was tumultuous like a churning sea during a storm, tossing them about in thralls of intense emotion. Although their world as they knew it previously was crumbling, the white man continued to move forward with his racism and his hate. When Walker talks of storms abating, she is really saying that the progress they had made, all of the force and tension that Malcolm X had created towards white society, ceased with his death. The fight for the rights of black America had come to a standstill. The storms to come and movements he would have created could never come to light: ââ¬Å"Uncle Samââ¬â¢s hands are dripping with blood, dripping with the b lood of [another] black man in this countryâ⬠(Malcolm X 10). The white man had killed yet another black man, thus delivering him away from the evil and cruelty of this world. However, Malcolm X, in his death, was transited from his earthly body to a position of martyrdom. His work lived on as his legacy, but he was no longer alive to continue that work. Black Americans had to carry on the progress that he had made, including those who did not believe in him during his life. Walker states: Gone. Delivered. So piteous there were The stolid and the dumb So piteous as not to mourn So piteous, so many The stolid and the dumb. Gone. Delivered. He has gone up, delivered. (13-20) On the basis of these words, the time had come for all members of Black America rise, to let their voices be heard and take a stand against their oppressors. All mourned the loss of their voice; however, they had to also find their own within this moment of loss. Malcolm X put his life on the line fighting for what he believed in and fighting for his people, which in turn meant that he had been delivered. He was now a martyr for the movement; he was the patron saint of the Civil Rights Movement. As penance for not believing in Malcolm X while he was alive, members of the black community had to now stand with their brothers and sisters. He gave them their voice, he showed them that there was hope, and he showed them that they no longer needed to live in fear of the white man. He began the work and blazed the trail, and now it was time for his followers to rise up. Walker is telling her fellow people that the time has come to fight and win what is rightfully theirs: their freedom. ââ¬Å"The Ballot or the Bulletâ⬠by Malcolm X and ââ¬Å"For Malcolm Xâ⬠by Margaret Walker illustrate the need for a martyr in this movement for equality. These pieces show that in order for progress to be made and solidified the members of the movement must be willing to die for their cause. They cannot ignore what is happening around them until they have no choice but to see; they must wholeheartedly throw themselves in front of the firing squad and tell them that they are not afraid. They must prove to the world that their cause is worth dying for. He was able to unite his people even more after his death. Through this conception, by Malcolm X dying for his cause, he ultimately was able to propel the Civil Rights Movement farther into the right direction than he was able to do during his lifetime. Works Cited Malcolm X. ââ¬Å"The Ballot or the Bullet.â⬠Congress of Racial Equality, 3 April 1964, Cleveland, Ohio, EdChange, http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/speeches/malcolm_x_ballot.html, 23 February 2017 Walker, Margaret. ââ¬Å"For Malcolm X.â⬠SOSââ¬âCalling All Black People: A Black Arts Movement Reader, edited by John H. Bracey, Sonia Sanchez, and James Smethhurst, University of Massachusetts Press, 2014, pp. 321. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-60380088497259748452020-05-17T05:15:00.001-07:002020-05-17T05:15:09.697-07:00The Bible States We Must Conserve and Respect Our Natural... In Jeremiah (9:9-11), ââ¬Å"Should I not punish them for this?â⬠declares the Lord. ââ¬Å"Should I not avenge myself on such a nation as this?â⬠I will weep and wail for the mountains and take up a lament concerning the desert pastures. They are desolate and untraveled, and the lowing of cattle is not heard. The birds of the air have fled and the animals are gone. ââ¬Å"I will make Jerusalem a heap of ruins, a haunt of jackals and I will lay waste the towns of Judah so no can live there.â⬠Habakkuk (2:17), ââ¬Å"The violence you have done to Lebanon will overwhelm you, and for your destruction of animals will terrify you. For you have shed manââ¬â¢s blood; you have destroyed lands and cities and everyone in them. In both cases, the punishment is that the land isâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Making use of new technology and enhanced approaches farmers can upturn production and benefit, also improving soil quality and assuring habitats. Reducing the risks of food borne illness is to find out what is causing it. Origins of food borne illness are the bacteria or viruses contained in food. They accumulate after the food is assimilated causing illness or infection. Bacteria that cause food borne illness are everywhere so you have to be very careful. To maintain our food safe we can: keep it clean, keep it isolated, cook it, distribute it and store it. Washing your hands before dealing with food prevents food borne illness as well. Before you buy your product at the store check it very well for any problems. Making sure your area where you are preparing your food is well cleaned. The utensils you use to cook or eat with should be thoroughly cleaned. Being aware that the food you are cooking is thoroughly cooked. Imagine life were all on your mind was ââ¬Å"When will I eat againâ⬠? or Will I make it through the night or dayâ⬠?There should be a image pop up in our heads of all the food we waste everyday and the n remember the less fortunate people all over the world with no food. Every day we are adding on to world hunger by wasting food. The less we waste food the more lives we can save. Starvation is not only in Asia, Africa, it is everywhere even in the U.S. The money we waste on excess food could go to those underprivileged ones. The sourceShow MoreRelatedBiography Of Leopold s A Sand County Almanac Essay1571 Words à |à 7 PagesLeopoldââ¬â¢s writings tell us to pause for a moment to appreciate and conserve the beautiful world that surrounds us. Let us consider the two key words of the theme, appreciate and conserve. The Oxford English Dictionary defines the word ââ¬Å"appreciateâ⬠as to, ââ¬Å"recognize the worth ofâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Appreciateâ⬠). Leopold wants society to take a moment to recognize the worth of nature by providing us with a descriptive glance at elements of nature that we may often take for granted, such as animals foraging for food orRead MoreVegetarianism : A Moral Debate2300 Words à |à 10 Pagesquestion of morality surrounding the maltreatment and slaughter of many innocent animals, but also on how hugely livestock production is affecting our environment. Furthermore, many people choose to become vegetarian, or quit eating certain meats, for religious purposes or in the best interest of their health. Vegetarianism, being such a large part of our current society, is met with three different reactions: acceptance, tolerance and hostility. 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For example, in a few years, worker s in the fishing industry may be out of jobs due to over-consumption of certain species of fish and the lack of management to preserve these animals. For Christians, biblical reasons also apply to this desire to preserve what remains of our biodiversity. Holistic human life depends onRead MorePerception Of Water : Cultural Influences On Human Behavior2322 Words à |à 10 PagesPerception of Water: Cultural Influences on Human Reactions to Water Intro: Humans have some seemingly instinctual reactions: the knee jerk reaction, the rooting reflex, and, with specific exceptions (survivors of natural disasters like floods or tsunamis), a feeling of calm or peace when near bodies of water. Popular culture uses this reaction to its advantage. Day in and day out the masses are bombarded with advertisements, driving down the road and there is a billboard for a ââ¬Å"spa destinationâ⬠Read MoreEssay about Ecofeminism4924 Words à |à 20 Pagesfinal part of this essay will analyze: Starhawks The Spiral Dance, Witchcraft as Goddess Religion, The Homeric Hymn to Demeter, and the Descent of Inanna and examine the pros and cons of the position that a return to goddess worship would save our planet. Part One Ecofeminisms Ecofeminism is a multicultural perspective on the interconnectedness of social systems of domination and the domination of non-human nature. 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Why pursue Arts? c. Arts and technology d. Uniquely Singapore: Culture 4. Environment a. Developed vsRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words à |à 308 PagesWhere are Wang, Weitek, and Zilog? ââ¬Å"Oh lost and by the wind-grieved ghosts, come back again!â⬠But we should not despair. In high tech, the good news is that, although we lose our companies with alarming frequency, we keep the people along with the ideas, and so the industry as a whole goes forward vibrantly, even as the names on our paychecks slide into another seamlessly (OK, as seamlessly as our systems interoperate, which as marketing claims isâ⬠¦ well thatââ¬â¢s another matter). Crossing the ChasmRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words à |à 190 Pagesreserved. Printed in the United States of America. For-information, address St. Martins Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. www.stmartins.com Library of Congress Cataloging...in..Publication Data 65 successful Harvard Business -School application essays : with analysis by the staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School newspaper / Lauren Sullivan and the staff of The Harbus.-2nd ed. p.em. ISBN 978...0..312...55007...3 1. Business schools-United States-Admission. 2. Exposition (Rhetoric) Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-60220944660427077152020-05-06T18:52:00.001-07:002020-05-06T18:52:27.324-07:00Analysis of the Actions of Macbeth and Doctor Faustus... Many scholars have debated whether the actions of Macbeth and Doctor Faustus in Shakespeareââ¬â¢s and Marloweââ¬â¢s plays come from the characters themselves or whether they were following a predetermined fate. In the play The Tragedy of Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, each characterââ¬â¢s destiny, or fate, seems to be predetermined by the supernatural and unpreventable by any actions meant to stop it from occurring. The concept of fate is a large component in many Aristotelian Tragedies, such as Macbeth. However, in the tragedy, The Tragicall History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus (commonly referred to as just Doctor Faustus), written by Christopher Marlowe, Faustusââ¬â¢s actions show a theme of free-will repeated throughout the play.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The three witches have often been compared to the three Greek fates, signifying that what they say will happen later in the play. The Witches ability to see into the future is first demonstrat ed when Macbeth becomes thane of Cawdor (Norns). The line, What? Can the devil speak true? (1.3.107) shows Banquos surprise at the realization of the witchesââ¬â¢ prophecy. In Macbeth, fate causes events to come to pass by affecting many of the characters, not just Macbeth himself. Lady Macbeths uncontrollable greed helps spur on the action of Macbeth murdering Duncan, which makes him king. Without her urging Macbeth would not be able to attain that which fate had bestowed upon him (Harper). In fact, Macbeth first was inclined to leave whether or not he became king up to chance and states, ââ¬Å"If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me, without my stirâ⬠(1.3.10). But after Duncan names Malcolm the Prince of Cumberland, next in line for the throne, Macbeth decides to take a more active role in his destiny by proclaiming: The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step On which I must fall down, or else oerleap, For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires; Let not light see my black and deep desires: The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be, Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see. (1.4.4-9) When Macbeth is on his way to murder Duncan to become king, he is beginning to have Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-38357669887120268602020-05-06T00:10:00.001-07:002020-05-06T00:10:11.799-07:00Organized Crime Essay Example For Students Organized Crime Essay Organized Crime Organized crime has always been occupied with a negative label. Perhaps this is due to the constantly changing environment in America as well as the social state of its homeland, Europe. Our society is convinced that the so-called Mafia is a family of pure criminals, pimps, and murderers. Whatever the opinion, there is no doubt that the Mafia played a big part in the history of America and the way Americans view crime today. The origins of the secret society known as the Mafia are believed to be as old as the 9th century (Mafia History). During the 9th century, the Mafias main purpose was to strengthen themselves against enemies, which invaded their homeland in Sicily. It was supposed to create a strong feeling of togetherness between all Sicilians. This idea of family was carried through in the structure of the organization, which had a strong hierarchical layout (Mafia History). The Mafia is said by many to have perhaps the best system of power, than any other group or government known today. One can compare a physical representation of the family almost to a family tree dated all the way back through many generations. Certain people operated the system, but without the help of the people with the less power, the Mafia would be very weak. To put it another way, a leader cannot lead without followers, and the followers cannot follow without leaders. This is why the Mafia was hard to overcome. Although when many think of the location of the Mafia, Chicago and New York often come to mind, but actually the Mafia has been traced back through 26 major cites in America. Within every city were many Mafia families each with its own government. At the head of each family stood the Dons or Bosses. Next in line to the Dons was the Underbosses, who were second in command. Followed by the Consigliere or counselors. And last were the men who did the dirty work for the Mob, the Soldiers. The Soldiers were the ones who would enforce discipline over both members and non-members through the use of intimidation, assaults, and murder (Living Large 3). All the members of the society were expected to go through a ceremony that often was compared to the baptism ceremony. The induction ceremony is the most important day of a mobsters life, the day that they become full members of La Cosa Nostra (Mafia Life). The ceremony for the newcomers was something that was looked forward to by all. The newcomer is told that the Mafia is a secret society and there is one way in and only one way out of it. You come in on your feet and you go in a coffin. Then the new members were asked if they were capable of even killing their own blood family on command (Mafia Life). Along with the ceremony, the mobster was told of the rules he must abide by. The most important rule in organized crime was the rule called the Omerta. The Omerta is a code of silence. A vow never to reveal any Mafia secrets or member under threat of torture or death (Mafia History). Another rule was the obedience rule. The obedience rule stated that the member must at all times be loyal to the boss or Don. A third law of the Mafia was the assistance to any befriended Mafia faction, no questions asked. A few others included, Avenge any attack on members of the family, because an attack on one was an attack on all, and the last rule was to avoid any and all contact with the authorities (Mafia History). There is still much we dont know about the Mafia due to the fact that the very first rule when inducted is the Omerta. Along with the many members involved with the Mafia, there were just as many ethnic families that existed if not more. Mafia families were growing very large in 1800s (Mafia History). .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e , .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e .postImageUrl , .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e , .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e:hover , .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e:visited , .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e:active { border:0!important; } .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e:active , .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u97a18c160f2ca622053d77570369bb4e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Death Of Outrage Essay The reason for the large swelling of crime in America was because of the vicious increase in foreign immigrants during that time in America. Three million Irish, four million Italians, and four million Jews immigrated to America. They immigrated for a number of reasons. Many of them dreamed of leaving behind their old worlds. Worlds of fear, depression and crime (Mafia Secrets). So along with these new immigrants came much crime as well which connected brought upon many ethnic gangs. Each gang had their own gang, there were several of them. Chinese, Irish, Jewish, and Italian gangs were all recognized at this time(Mafia Secrets). Every community gang was different in some way. Although Italians are considered the Mafia, the other ethnic groups have their own involvement in some way or another. The Italians were by far the biggest ethnic group, but they were not the only ones. The Irish were instrumental in putting together the system of organized crime(American History 260). The Irish were known as very obsessive gamblers who had control of nearly all racetracks and casinos in the early 1900s. As sportsmen, they invested money in racehorses and promoted racetracks. Throughout this time, organized crime.. may have reached its high point in the United States in terms of the proportion of the population that constituted customers and in terms of the impact upon local police and politicians (American History 260). The Italians, of course, already had their feet wet in America by their knowledge of the systematic ways of government for nearly 30 years in America and had control of almost every aspect of organized crime. The Italians remained with, socialized with, and committed crimes on other Italians within the Italian Community. The Italians were involved so deep in Crime that the Sicilian Mafia had so much power that the Sicilian Mafia has been linked to the highest levels of the Italian Government. Many other groups such as the Jews had much influence in the way we look at organized crime as well. The Jewish had been highly connected with America with an elaborate sense of knowledge gained in a short time. Each ethnic gang made up a small branch of its district which each city had many. Each district was a part of its ethnic group. Very powerful men who were respected by all of the districts soldiers, counselors, and captains led these groups. Each ethnic gang had its most high in command. In fact the Dons throughout history are single handedly responsible for all changes in the way business worked. Vito Cascio Ferro, (1862-1945), is believed to be the one man primarily responsible for establishing the communication between the Sicilian and U.S. Mafia (Family Tree). Ferro is considered the father of what we know as todays Mafia. His activities are not clear, but it was recorded that Don Vito was suspected in a brutal killing of at least one man. It was told that the man was trying to do business on his turf, which led to a very vicious death where the man was cut into tiny pieces and shoved into a box (Family Tree). Lucky Luciano was also very influential during his control of the Irish Mafia around the 1920s in America. After his hostile takeover, Luciano organized organized crime. He modernized the Mafia, shaping it into a smoothly run national crime syndicate focused on the bottom line (Time 100) Luciano was a millionaire because of his illegal distribution of alcohol and narcotics. He was later convicted and sentenced to 30 to 50 years in prison, where he soon died. Another famous mob boss who made a dramatic change in organized crime was Al (Scarface) Capone. Capone is perhaps the most famous and for a good reason. Scarface became the leader of one of the worlds largest crime families. The family numbered over 1000 members, and the majority of the 1000 were stone cold killers as well (Scaface). .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590 , .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590 .postImageUrl , .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590 , .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590:hover , .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590:visited , .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590:active { border:0!important; } .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590:active , .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590 .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac1e0cd4b6b90cbda4a3dda44e0a0590:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Catherine the Great of all Russia Essay Capone was involved in perhaps the most famous of all the Mob hits of all time, the St. Valentines Day Massacre, which changed the attitude of the public. Capone later, for a different crime, was arrested and sent to Alcatraz where he spent the rest of his life. How we know organized crime today has much to do with the way Hollywood has represented the Mafia. The worldwide image of organized crime has had a Made in America label since the 1930s (Mafia Image 1) Movies such as The Last Don, Little Caesar, and The God Father series are for how most of us know the way the Mafia works. Many people are convinced that the Mafia has been wiped out for the last twenty or so years. Much of the crime activity has decreased, however not all traces of the Mafia have disappeared, as we believe. There is still currently a mob family from Greek decent even in America today. And in the late 70s and early 80s, the Sicilian Mafia was found to be the culprit in one of the largest heroin smuggling rings in history (Crime Groups). Because of the Omerta, people have a hard time learning the current position of the Mob, and the Mafia is known for making comebacks in a hurry. For example, the highpoint of the Mafia was said to be in the 1920s, and slowly it decreased until the end of World War II when organized crime came back with much stronger than when the war started. This shows a good understanding of what the Mafia is capable of doing in short periods of time. The men who have tried to get rid of the Mafia time in and time out have made some progress. Responsible groups of Americans have, at times, waged campaigns in the media to obliterate any assumption that crime is dominated by people of Italian descent, claiming that existence of an American Mafia had not been fully established (Mafia Image). The opinions will differ in that sense. Some say that the Mafia is a vast organization that continues to grow in power, while others say that if the mafia still exists to this day, the old ways of organized crime will never be the same as it has been in this century. The desire, need, brutality, wisdom, and style of what we know as the Mafia only exists in books and movies. No matter the opinion, the Mafia still claims the place in American History if it still exists or not. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-42080588007637534542020-04-19T22:38:00.001-07:002020-04-19T22:38:03.122-07:00To What Extent Was Rome Responsible for the Punic Wars free essay sample The responsibility for the Punic wars greatly shifts from one to the next as both Rome and Carthage were Superpowers in their own right and it was inevitable that there would be a collision and subsequent reaction from any action taken. This exhausting conflict was, according to Caven, a ââ¬Ëcontest in three roundsââ¬â¢ in which the Romans fought first for control of Sicily, then for the leadership of the western Mediterranean and finally to determine the survival or extinction of Carthage. By 270 Rome had conquered Italy and organised it into a confederation of Roman citizens and Latin and Italian allies. Polybius says that the Romans ââ¬ËOnce having made themselves masters of Italy applied themselves to the conquest of countries further afieldââ¬â¢ . This combined with the fact that the most populated parts of Italy were along the western side where the Dominant power was Carthage made it inevitable that Romeââ¬â¢s first contact in the Mediterranean would be with Carthage. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Was Rome Responsible for the Punic Wars? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first of these three wars stemmed from a minor incident involving the town of Messana on the northeast tip of Sicily and the powerful city of Syracuse in the southeast of the island. The rest of the island was under Carthaginian influence. Although Syracuse and Carthage were on reasonably good terms at this stage the Carthaginians did not want to see Messana fall into Syracusian hands. This prompted the mamertines to be pushed out of Messana and become concerned that the Carthaginians might occupy Messana permanently. And so it was decided to seek an alliance with Rome which seemed ââ¬ËTo offer better long term security than Carthageââ¬â¢ Although the relationship between Carthage and Rome at this point was cordial they decided to ally themselves with the Mamertines making themselves solely responsible for joining into a wider conflict with the Carthaginians. The acceptance of the mamertines into the Roman alliance forced the Syracusans and Carthaginians to co-operate in order to prevent Messana falling into the hands of the Romans and threatening their interests in Sicily. As far as Rome and Carthage were concerned, the war could have ended at this point. The romans had shown that they were prepared to protect the Mamertines, and Carthage had no reason to destroy them. The first Punic war was the classic example of an incident that got out of hand The first Punic War left Carthage greatly weakened. Rome now occupied Sicily, while the Mercenary War left Carthage vulnerable in Africa as well. The Carthaginian response was to send Hamilcar Barca, their undefeated general from Sicily, to Spain (c. 238-7 BC), where he was to greatly revive Carthages fortunes. In 266 Carthage signed a treaty with Rome agreeing not to interfere with matters north of the River Ebro. This agreement didnt cause any problems to either side at this point as Carthages Spanish lines were much further south, while Rome was not involved in Spain at all at this point. This implies that Rome felt she had the right to intervene in Carthages affairs even at a distance, something that was bound to annoy the Carthaginians. Hasdrubal was replaced in command in Spain the son of Hamilcar, who was elected by the army in Spain. Everything suggests that he was intent on war with Rome from the moment he came to power, a trait he inherited from his fatherââ¬â¢s complete hatred of all Romans (considered by Polybius to be one of the main causes of the second war). May historians have alluded to the possibility that Hannibals campaigns in Spain in 221 ââ¬Å"can be seen as an attempt to capture more fertile lands to feed his army for an invasion of Italyâ⬠When the chance came to make the break with Rome, Hannibal seized it. By 220 the city of Saguntum, a long way south of the Ebro River, had allied with Rome. When a tribe allied to Carthage started to raid Saguntums territory, Hannibal sided with the allied tribe, and despite a direct warning from the Romans not to, he attacked Saguntum. This blatant act of hostility towards Rome through the breaking of agreed lands in the Ebro River treaty places the responsibility of the 2nd Punic war firmly with Carthage and more specifically Hannibal. By the time the Second Punic War had ended, Carthage was a mere shadow of its former power. However, Hannibal proved to be as good a chief magistrate as he was as a general, and soon Carthage recovered. However, Messinia, governor of Numidia and a strong ally of the Romans, was able to pick at Carthage until Carthage attacked Numidia in 150 BC, breaking the treaty that ended the Second War. The underlying cause of the third Punic war was the determination of Rome to dispose of the threat once and for all, which it perceived from Carthage, against which it had already won two wars. However, the official cause was violation of the peace treaty from the Second Punic War which made the Roman Senate, arbitrator of all border disputes involving Carthage, so that Carthage had to get approval from the Roman Senate before going to war. Rome then used its ally Numidia as proxy to harass Carthage, which eventually had to defend itself. This gave Rome a valid excuse to declare war and destroy Carthage, establishing Rome as undisputed power in the western Mediterranean. Rome declared open war on Carthage in 149 BC, and an army landed in Africa after a long blockade. Carthage surrendered, as they could not take the onslaught of Roman might. The Roman terms were bitterly opposed by Carthage, as they called for the physical destruction of the city. This was in no small part due to the constant calls of Cato the Elder, who ended each speech he made in the Senate with Carthago delenda est! (Carthage must be destroyed). Carthage managed to withstand a siege for 3 years before yielding and the city was destroyed. Rome emerged from this war utterly transformed. Prior to the war, Roman territory had been limited to Italy. After the war Rome had gained Spain, secured control over the Mediterranean islands, and seen her first direct involvement in Greece. The years immediately after the war also saw Rome gain control over large areas of Greece previously closer to Carthage rule. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-25471852503565401752020-03-15T07:48:00.001-07:002020-03-15T07:48:02.837-07:00Free Essays on Reawakening The Giantââ¬Å"We need to reawaken this giant.â⬠-Ronald Reagan. When Ronald Reagan entered office, the American economy was in a state of decline. Economists were doubting the American system of free enterprise, and some thought Russiaââ¬â¢s command economy was the answer. The Keynesian school of thought figured that the economy had reached its limit and could advance no further.1 Reagan, however, knew otherwise and pursued his domestic policy of supply-side economics. In 1981 the country entered ââ¬Å"The Era of Reaganomicsâ⬠and experienced the longest era of economic expansion in peace-time everââ¬âfor any country in the history of the world.2 This paper will show how the Reagan Administrationââ¬â¢s policies affected the economy of the 1980ââ¬â¢s. Most people that knew him, inside aides and journalists, had great respect for Ronald Reagan. David Broder of the Washington Post said of Reagan, ââ¬Å"One of the most remarkable demonstrators of Presidential leadership in modern history.â⬠3 George F. Will, syndicated commentator, noted in 1992 that the world was better off than it was 10 years ago, and that Reagan was partly responsible.4 Insiders all spoke of how Reagan was the man in charge of the administration. Reagan was the man calling the shots, not some aide. The policies of the Reagan Administration were the policies of Reagan.5 Another point is that not only was he in charge, but he made things happen. Edwin Meese said of Reagan and the tax cut, ââ¬Å"I am certain the tax reduction program would not have been adopted under any other President in recent memory.â⬠6 The first thing that needs to be addressed about the economic history of the 1980ââ¬â¢s is the relatively poor economy that Reagan inherited. There is still argument over whether the recession of 1981 to 1982 was Reaganââ¬â¢s fault.7 Some politicians and historians have claimed that the Administration caused the recession. However, Reaganââ¬â¢s fiscal policy did not go int... Free Essays on Reawakening The Giant Free Essays on Reawakening The Giant ââ¬Å"We need to reawaken this giant.â⬠-Ronald Reagan. When Ronald Reagan entered office, the American economy was in a state of decline. Economists were doubting the American system of free enterprise, and some thought Russiaââ¬â¢s command economy was the answer. The Keynesian school of thought figured that the economy had reached its limit and could advance no further.1 Reagan, however, knew otherwise and pursued his domestic policy of supply-side economics. In 1981 the country entered ââ¬Å"The Era of Reaganomicsâ⬠and experienced the longest era of economic expansion in peace-time everââ¬âfor any country in the history of the world.2 This paper will show how the Reagan Administrationââ¬â¢s policies affected the economy of the 1980ââ¬â¢s. Most people that knew him, inside aides and journalists, had great respect for Ronald Reagan. David Broder of the Washington Post said of Reagan, ââ¬Å"One of the most remarkable demonstrators of Presidential leadership in modern history.â⬠3 George F. Will, syndicated commentator, noted in 1992 that the world was better off than it was 10 years ago, and that Reagan was partly responsible.4 Insiders all spoke of how Reagan was the man in charge of the administration. Reagan was the man calling the shots, not some aide. The policies of the Reagan Administration were the policies of Reagan.5 Another point is that not only was he in charge, but he made things happen. Edwin Meese said of Reagan and the tax cut, ââ¬Å"I am certain the tax reduction program would not have been adopted under any other President in recent memory.â⬠6 The first thing that needs to be addressed about the economic history of the 1980ââ¬â¢s is the relatively poor economy that Reagan inherited. There is still argument over whether the recession of 1981 to 1982 was Reaganââ¬â¢s fault.7 Some politicians and historians have claimed that the Administration caused the recession. However, Reaganââ¬â¢s fiscal policy did not go int... Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-61854876645772280382020-02-27T22:12:00.001-08:002020-02-27T22:12:02.263-08:00The Role and Tasks of Purchasing In Assuring Product Quality from EssayThe Role and Tasks of Purchasing In Assuring Product Quality from Suppliers - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that purchasing is critical to the effective management of material logistics. Positioned at the interface between the customer and the supplier, responsibility often falls on this function for managing the relationship between the customers and suppliers in the supply chain. The role of purchasing is a gateway to suppliers so that other business functions can communicate with counterpart within the supplier organizations. According to Garvin, there are eight basic elements of product quality. They are performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability, aesthetics and perceived quality. What is quality Quality is defined as "conformance to requirements". To maintain a high quality standard of goods, supplier quality is of paramount importance. Purchasing has different meaning in different industries. This article first introduces different perspectives of purchasing in different industries. Then, the role and task o f purchasing in the abovementioned areas will be analyzed respectively. Examples are given in each area in the article. Purchasing has four objectives. They are right quality, competitive price, economic quantity and on-time delivery. Right quality refers to conforming specification requirement. For competitive price, there are two aspects. One is internal competition, the other is external competition. The former can be achieved by reducing the production cost. The latter is due to highly competitive market, with reference to price comparison, historical price, shipping and payment terms etc. Third, economic quantity is crystal clear that buying quantity must lead to a lower cost of the purchase. Cost of holding inventories and cost of not holding inventories are essential consideration. Cost of holding inventories and cost of not holding inventories are essential consideration. Last, on-time delivery is vital to a company as there are cost and price consequence. Normally, urgent o rder placement is more expensive than the regular placement as late delivery for urgent one might hold up production and incur cost penalty. The aim of purchasing varies in different industries. In manufacturing firms, purchasing of raw materials and components is for supporting production. For original equipment manufacturer (OEM), high cost in purchasing raw materials means it should transfer the burden to its customers or cut the production cost. Besides, quality of components counts. Quality-in-quality-out is of paramount importance. If there is defect in one lot of components and it is not discovered by the staff responsible for quality control, it would be disastrous. Quality of components affects the quality of production, and hence affects customer satisfaction. In government or public organization, purchasing is used to support user's need. For example, stationery is essential for every department in government. Purchasing, in this sense, means buying at a satisfactory qual ity with the lowest price. This can be achieved by formal tendering. According to Government Procurement Agreement, Hong Kong government has to go for an open tender for a purchase order of approximately over $1.3 million. In service sector, purchases have to match corporate image and business strategies. For a five-star hotel, the quality of commodity purchased is indispensable for its image.à Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-37390867306152409212020-02-11T14:58:00.001-08:002020-02-11T14:58:03.678-08:00How does light and sound travel in water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1How does light and sound travel in water - Essay Example Usually, temperature varies from about 28à °F around either North and South poles, or 90à °F or above near the Equator or around the Tropics. Salinity or saltiness of the sea water, differs roughly from 32 to 38 ppt. Its impact on sound waves or sound speed is often minor, but salinity rates by the virtue of its locationââ¬âfor instance, near the land or masses of sea iceââ¬âcan have remarkable impact. In constant coefficients, change in speed of sound through temperature changes increases by +3 meters per second; while there is approximately +.5 meters per second per change in 30 meters in sea depth; and by change of per ppt. salinity, about +1.2 meters per second; The SSP, or sound speed profile, is used to measure the combined effects of temperature, salinity and depth in relation to sound speeds. It is a vertical column of water consisting of an iso-speed layer (also called the mixed surface layer). Under it, there is a seasonal thermocline which measures down to 250 meters; and below, the larger main thermocline. Due to the changes of the waterââ¬â¢s temperature, there exist variations in the SSP. Under the main thermocline, the temperature is usually constant. Also, because of depth, changes in pressure slowly increase and therefore give the dominant impact on the SSP. Absorption occurs when the energy in the sound waves is absorbed by the water itself, as sound moves through a body of water. It is followed by the shrinking of the original sound wavesââ¬â¢ magnitude (amplitude). Light also travels in water, as sounds do, since it goes in waves. Water absorbs light and its different wavelengths at different values depending on the depth of the body of water, or the clarity or turbidity of the water. The speed of light depends on the optical density of the waterââ¬âand light travels more slowly in water than it does in air. As water absorbs light, it reduces the lightââ¬â¢s quantity and Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-53904997927810876502020-01-31T09:49:00.001-08:002020-01-31T09:49:04.559-08:00Nike vs Puma Essay Example for Free Nike vs Puma Essay Nike vs Puma Easily the biggest grudge match in Germany this month will not be between two of the countries competing, but between homegrown Adidas and, of course, American arch-rivals Nike. The business media is already hot on the Stripes versus the Swoosh, with the German brand reportedly splashing out double Nikes estimated ? 60m World Cup marketing spend. But what about the shirts themselves? Which ones would you want to play in, and which should be left on the backs of the die-hards down the pub? Out of the six countries theyre dressing, including hosts Germany, and also France, the best Adidas shirt has to be Argentinas (above left). Perhaps not as recognizable as Brazils famous bright yellow, the subtle sky-blue and white stripes belied how fearsome Argentina were from the late 1970s through the 1980s. Kept simple, although a bit too shiny for my liking, the current shirt remains true to the great players who have previously worn one. As does Hollands shirt (above right), one of eight nations wearing Nike. While every other colour is sported by several teams, no-one but the Dutch really wear orange, and during the mid-1970s they played some of the sexiest football ever. Though theyve never managed to lift the trophy, this jersey echoes the heyday of the Dutch game when their brand of Total Football, as its known, narrowly lost the 1974 final to Germany. It has none of the unnecessary graphics that have plagued the brilliant orange kit of previous years, but again its kept simple and low-key, complete with a nod to the 1970s in the form of the collar. Thats the big boys, but its another German brand thats kitting out the most countries. Puma has deals with no less than 12 federations, including Italy, all of the African teams who qualified, as well as Saudi Arabia and Iran from the Middle East. The brand has taken the opposite approach to its larger competitors, embellishing most of its shirts with designs that reflect that countrys heritage. The Hawks of Togo are depicted, as is the Ivory Coasts nickname, Les Elephants. For me, Tunisias shirt (above left) works best, showing the Eagles of Carthage merged with a sort of camouflage design. Elsewhere, there are a handful of smaller brands providing some of the teams with their kit. Umbros heritage as makers of England shirts is well-known. They also make Swedens, but their best World Cup-related gear is designed by Kim Jones, which is featured elsewhere on Cool Hunting today. Italys Lotto and Spanish new-boys Joma are also after a piece of the action, supplying the likes of Ukraine (above right) and Costa Rica respectively. If you want to be really obscure next time you take to the pitch though, an Ecuador shirt (right), made by little-known company Marathon, wins hands down. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-51556899602876054052020-01-23T06:13:00.001-08:002020-01-23T06:13:03.237-08:00Monopolies In A Capitalist Economy :: essays research papers fc In a capitalist economy there are both wanted and unwanted monopolies. However, in a capitalist economy certain monopolies are needed. Monopolies have a big impact on the economy and the consumers because of the amount of control that the monopolies have on the economy. There are certain times when it is best to have monopolies then others, it really depends on the status of the economy. There is no doubt that monopolies do indeed play a critical role in a capitalist economy, but sometimes there are negative effects. It is indeed true to say that not all monopolies are unwanted in a capitalist society. An example of a monopoly that is not unwanted is that of a public utility, like SDG&E (San Diego Gas & Electric). These produce goods and services that are vital to the public's well being as far as functioning goes. Public utilities are an example of a pure or natural monopoly. A pure or natural monopoly is a single firm in an industry. This is the most effective way to provide very important goods and services. An example of a public utility monopoly that affects our everyday life is that of SDG&E. They are the only power company in San Diego County and thus they have a monopoly on San Diego. This, however is the kind of monopoly that the government likes to keep running and in operation because they know that we cannot do without for very long. If SDG&E decided to go out of business there would be no power supplier for all of San Diego County. In addition, because of the fact tha t SDG&E is the only gas and electric provider they can name almost any price and we have no choice but to comply with their demands unless they can find a dependable alternative, like solar power. The impact of monopolies is felt very heavily on the consumer. The biggest effect of a monopoly in a market is that it drives up the prices of the product in that market (South West, pg. 179). This happens because there is no competition and no other producer to drive prices down. The government has often tried to break up monopolies when they are presented because it will put a negative impact on the economy. There has even been legislation passed against monopolies. An example of a piece of legislation is the Sherman Anti-Trust Act which stated "any combination or conspiracy in constraint of trade" (www. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-37806320649162594422020-01-15T02:37:00.001-08:002020-01-15T02:37:02.162-08:00Distinctive Voices EssayThrough the use of techniques, writers are evidently able to create a wide range of distinctive voices and bring people and their experiences to life. When distinctive voices are created, it helps the reader to understand and perhaps even relate to the character of the text. The use of distinctive voices ensures people to be created and their experiences to be brought to life. ââ¬Å"The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavenderâ⬠, written by Marele Day, is strategically able to create distinctive voices and experiences throughout the novel by incorporating a variety of characters including Claudia Valentine, a female investigator in big city Sydney, Australia, and Harry Lavender, the antagonist of the novel and the boss of Sydneyââ¬â¢s underworld. Dayââ¬â¢s strong and clever use of techniques, effectively create a range of significant, distinctive voices. In contrast, ââ¬Å"Weapons Trainingâ⬠by Bruce Dawe is able to create a very strong, distinctive voice that brings to li fe the character of a strong-minded, stern drill sergeant, as he delivers a monologue to all the young new recruits. Both texts have used a deliberate choice of techniques, and creation of the distinctive voices within the texts. Claudia Valentine is the main character of Marele Dayââ¬â¢s hard boiled crime fiction novel; ââ¬ËThe Life and Crimes of Harry Lavenderââ¬â¢. Claudiaââ¬â¢s character is quite significant as there are very few detective novels written and published that have a female private investigator as the main character. For the entirety of the novel, the style is set in first person narrative voice. This indicates the reader with be seeing the events through the characterââ¬â¢s eyes and hearing about them through her distinctive voice. Through the setting of Sydney and visual images such as the empty bottle of whisky, ashtrays of cigarettes, the naked light bulb and the blond in the bed, Day establishes a racy, contemporary urban city scene with the pessimistic and derisive voice of the narrator to be our guide. Throughout the opening scene, we are ignorant of the narrators sex and name. This isà purposely done to play with the responders assumptions in response to gender stereo types and to build the tough, determined and witty voice of Claudia Valentine. Claudiaââ¬â¢s voice changes throughout the novel. The opening passage establishes Claudiaââ¬â¢s voice as being that of a typical private investigator. This is to aid to the crime fiction genre idea. This anchors the readerââ¬â¢s perception of the character as firmly part of the crime fiction genre. Her tone is formal when speaking in a professional capacity, for example, when speaking to the Levack family; ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll come straight to the point Mrs Levack. Iââ¬â¢m investigating the death of Mark Bannister , who lived over there in that flat.â⬠. This formal, straight-forward and firm voice is Claudiaââ¬â¢s public voice. However, behind the strong ââ¬Ëprivate investigatorââ¬â¢ wall she holds up, Claudia has a very private voice which is hardly exposed to anyone but herself. We see this change in voice when she is with Steve Angell. Her language changes and softens somewhat in her interactions with Steve. She comments throughout the text; ââ¬Å"The brightest thing about the day was that Steve had dropped into itâ⬠. Claudiaââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëprivateââ¬â¢ voice also has a hint of seductiveness when she is communicating with Steve; ââ¬Å"He was stunning. As tall as me, if not taller, with eyes like the pools you find beneath waterfalls. It was all I could do to stop myself taking off all my clothes and diving in.â⬠. Claudiaââ¬â¢s private voice also reveals a lot of love, worry and attachment to her two children her live with her ex-husband Gary. This is revealed through a phone call Claudia makes to Gary after she fears for her childrenââ¬â¢s safety; ââ¬Å"To hear their voices, to know my flesh and blood was safe. My babies.â⬠. In Dayââ¬â¢s novel, another character with a distinctive voice is revealed, however this ââ¬Ëdistinctive voiceââ¬â¢ is much different to the voice of Claudia. Harry Lavender, the antagonist of the novel, is the boss of Sydneyââ¬â¢s crime underworld. Harryââ¬â¢s voice is distinctive in the poetic tone of the language used. The use of imagery and figurative language allows the reader to perceive Lavender as being a sophisticated and powerful character; ââ¬ËThe people hold sprigs of lavender, like rosemary on Anzac day.ââ¬â¢. Harry Lavenderââ¬â¢s voice is powerful and evocative, as he describes how he will beà remembered when he dies, and how he has higher power over police and authority; ââ¬Ëpolice allow me safe passageââ¬â¢. Even though Harry is dying, his body decaying, in the same way he has brought about the moral decay of the city, his voice is still ominous and commanding. Harry is a powerful man who has built his fame on an empire of corruption. He is used to being in control and ironically, we see Lavender unable to control the most important aspect of his life, his own body. Day uses various techniques in this passage to convey the voice of the crime boss, Harry Lavender. Day uses poetic and figurative language such as: ââ¬ËIt is my image that is reflected in that glass.ââ¬â¢ Day also uses metaphor in: ââ¬ËIt is my body crumbling, not the city.ââ¬â¢ to describe the way that the cancer is consuming and destroying Lavenderââ¬â¢s body. Consecutive, short, and simple sentences are used to construct Lavenderââ¬â¢s voice. And finally, repetition is used in the final line to reinforce Lavenderââ¬â¢s command over the city and his influence in this place; ââ¬Ë They will remember me, oh yes, they will remember.ââ¬â¢. In contrast, related text: Weapons Training by Bruce Dawe is able to bring a drill sergeant to life as well as his past experience through a distinctive voice. Daweââ¬â¢s poem opens in the middle of a sentence, in the middle of the drill sergeantââ¬â¢s monologue. This device captures our attention and gives a sense of immediacy of being on the spot. This is effective as we are not just being told about the sergeant, we can actually hear him. The sergeant questions the young soldiers but doesnââ¬â¢t wait for answers. He talks so fast that recruits can hardly take in let alone think about it. This is effective as the soldiers and the readers have to learn to react reflexively. The thinking is done for the readers/soldiers and they have to absorb what is said without thinking about it and do what they are told. The drill sergeant speaks in a fairly broad Australian idiom, using the language and clichà ©d humour of the average Australian. Some of the colloquialisms used, such as ââ¬Ëyouââ¬â¢ve copped the bloody lotââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ëworse luckââ¬â¢ are specifically Australian. The dramatic quality used also helps to create a distinctive voice within the poem. He is the ââ¬Ëtypicalââ¬â¢ bullying, sarcastic drill sergeant, so itââ¬â¢s easy for us to vividly imagine him and his voice. His language is colloquial; ââ¬Ëare you a queer?, thatââ¬â¢s right grab and check/the magazine manââ¬â¢ . His language is also full of clichà ©s includingà sexual references; ââ¬Ëyour trusty weapon, a mob of little yellowsââ¬â¢. Daweââ¬â¢s techniques provide a very distinctive and strong voice for the poem. Through a strong use of techniques including Australian idiom, colloquialism and tone, both Marele Day and Bruce Dawe are effectively able to bring people and their experiences to life through distinctive voice. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-65938897655296214852020-01-06T22:58:00.001-08:002020-01-06T22:58:04.427-08:00Complete List of Nora Roberts Books Nora Roberts releases several new romance novels every year, making her one of the most prolific authors of our time. From series to individual stories, she has published more than 200 novels in totalââ¬âsome sweet, some suspenseful, and some fantasy. Roberts has hit theà New York Timesà Best Seller list regularly. Thanks to her dedicated fans and the fact that she was an early pioneer in communicating with them online, it is rare that a new release does not hit that esteemed book list. In fact, since her first appearance in 1998, every Nora Roberts book has made it. To keep up with her prolific outputââ¬âand to give her more freedom with genreââ¬âpublishers suggested Roberts write under a pseudonym. This was the birth of J.D. Robb, to whom the In Death series is attributed. Those titles are included in this master list of Nora Roberts books. A Career Beginning Roberts started writing during a blizzard in 1979. It forced her two sons to stay home from school, and she was going stir-crazy. Though her writing may have started as a creative escape, it quickly turned into a long and lasting career. If youre looking for her earliest work, she published six titles within the first two years of her debut. This volume for a new author is astounding in itself, and it was just a prelude to the amount of work she would produce in the coming decades. 1981: Irish Thoroughbred (Irish Hearts)1982: Blithe Images1982: Song of the West1982: Search for Love1982: Island of Flowers1982: The Hearts Victory 1983: The Legacy Begins In 1983, Roberts began a legacy of publishing many books each yearââ¬âthat would set the pace for her entire career. A tip for this year of her work: If youre going to read Reflections, be sure to follow up with Dance of Dreams as those two stories are connected. From This DayHer Mothers KeeperReflectionsDance of DreamsOnce More With FeelingUntamedTonight and AlwaysThis Magic Moment 1984: A Prolific Year 1984 was an interesting year for Robertsââ¬âit was one of her most prolific years but was comprised entirely of single books. She would not debut her first series until 1985. Endings and BeginningsStorm WarningSullivans WomanRules of the GameLess of a StrangerA Matter of ChoiceThe Law Is a LadyFirst ImpressionsOpposites AttractPromise Me Tomorrow 1985: Meet The MacGregors In 1985, Roberts debuted one of her most successful series: The MacGregors. It includes 10 novels total, starting with Playing the Odds and ending with 1999s The Perfect Neighbor. The characters have been featured in other novels throughout the years as well. Playing the Odds (The MacGregors)Tempting Fate (The MacGregors)All the Possibilitiesà (The MacGregors)One Mans Artà (The MacGregors)PartnersThe Right PathBoundary LinesSummer Dessertsà Night MovesDual Image 1986: A Good Year for Follow-Up Novels If you read Summer Desserts, then you have to follow it with 1986s Lessons Learned to get the rest of the story. Also, Second Nature and One Summer should be read in succession.à The Art of DeceptionAffaire Royale (Cordinas Royal Family)Second NatureOne SummerTreasures Lost, Treasures FoundRisky BusinessLessons LearnedA Will and a WayHome for Christmas 1987: Meet Cordinas Royal Family In 1986, Roberts introduced us to the Cordinas Royal Family series with the release of Affaire Royale. Two books in that series followed the next year, though the fourth would not be released until 2002. If you happen to pick up Sacred Sins, youll want to read 1988s Brazen Virtue as well, as the two are connected. For Now Forever (The MacGregors)Mind Over MatterCommand Performance (Cordinas Royal Family)The Playboy Princeà (Cordinas Royal Family)Hot IceTemptationSacred Sinsà 1988: The Year of the Irish Roberts must have had Ireland on the mind because in 1988, she turned her debut novel into a series that would be known as Irish Hearts. (Youll also find these volumes under the title Irish Legacy Trilogy.) It includes Irish Thoroughbred (1981), Irish Rose (1988), and Irish Rebel (2000). The author also spent part of the year introducing us to The OHurleys. After these three novels, you can find them again in 1990s Without a Trace. Local HeroIrish Roseà (Irish Hearts)Brazen VirtueThe Last Honest Woman (The OHurleys)Dance to the Piperà (The OHurleys)Skin Deepà (The OHurleys)Rebellionà (The MacGregors)Name of the GameSweet Revenge 1989: A Trio to Delight Fans Roberts spent the first few months of 1989 publishing three connected novels. Thus, the first three in the list below are meant to be read in order. At the end of the year she started another story, so when youre done with Time Was, read 1990s Times Change. Loving JackBest Laid PlansLawlessImpulseGabriels AngelThe WelcomingTime Was 1990: Meet The Stanislaskis Compared to other years, it doesnt look as if 1990 was particularly productive for Roberts. However, in March she introduced us to The Stanislaskis. This six-book series would continue regularly through 2001. Times ChangeTaming Natasha (The Stanislaskis)Public SecretsWithout a Traceà à (The OHurleys)In From the Coldà (The MacGregors) 1991: Meet The Calhoun Women Four of the five books in The Calhoun Women series were released in 1991. Anxious fans had to wait until 1996 for the fifth novel, Megans Mate, but today you can fly right through them. Youll also find some of the Calhoun women featured in other novels, especially those published in 1998. Night Shift (Night Tales)Night Shadowsà (Night Tales)Courting Catherine (The Calhoun Women)A Man for Amandaà (The Calhoun Women)For the Love of Lilahà (The Calhoun Women)Suzannas Surrenderà (The Calhoun Women)Genuine LiesLuring a Ladyà (The Stanislaskis) 1992: The Year of the Donovans 1992 saw the introduction of the Donovan Legacy series. Three of the four books of the series were published this year, with the series closing out in 1999. Many Roberts fans consider this series a must-read. Carnal InnocenceCaptivated (Donovan Legacy)Entrancedà (Donovan Legacy)Charmedà (Donovan Legacy)Divine EvilUnfinished BusinessHonest Illusions 1993: Just 3 New Books 1993 was a bit slow for Roberts usual standards, but she did continue two of her popular series. The Stanislaskis series was added to with Falling for Rachel, and the Night Tales collection was extended with Nightshade. Falling for Rachelà (The Stanislaskis)Nightshadeà (Night Tales)Private Scandals 1994: The Debut of Born In Born in Fire was the first release in the Born In trilogyââ¬âits sometimes called the Irish Born trilogy. After this first book, be sure to catch Born in Ice (1995) and Born in Shame (1996) to complete the trio. Night Smokeà (Night Tales)Convincing Alexà (The Stanislaskis)Birds, Bees and Babies/The Best Mistake (Mothers Day anthology)Silhouette Christmas/All I Want for Christmas (Christmas anthology)Hidden RichesBorn in Fire (Born In) 1995: J.D. Robb Makes their First Appearance This was the year Roberts began writing detective romances under the pen name J.D. Robb. She chose the J and D from her sons first initials and took Robb from Roberts. Ever busy, she also began The MacKade Brothers series. Born in Iceà (Born In)The Return of Rafe MacKade (The MacKade Brothers)The Pride of Jared MacKadeà (The MacKade Brothers)True BetrayalsNaked in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 1)Glory in Death (Robb, In Death No. 2) 1996: Roberts 100th Book A milestone year, 1996 saw Roberts publish her 100th book as well as celebrate the decade mark of her writing career. Montana Sky was the only book written this year that was not part of a series. Megans Mateà (The Calhoun Women)The Heart of Devin MacKadeà (The MacKade Brothers)The Fall of Shane MacKadeà (The MacKade Brothers)Born in Shameà (Born In)Daring to Dream (Dream)Montana SkyImmortal in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 3)Rapture in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 4) 1997: Romance Writers Award In 1997, Roberts was awarded the Romance Writers of America Lifetime Achievement Award. In realityââ¬âas you can see from the rest of the listââ¬âshe was just getting started. The MacGregor Bridesà (The MacGregors)Hidden Star (Stars of Mithra)Captive Starà (Stars of Mithra)Waiting for Nickà (The Stanislaskis)Holding the Dreamà (Dream)Finding the Dreamà (Dream)SanctuaryCeremony in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 5)Vengeance in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 6) 1998: The Best-seller Streak Begins Roberts success on the best-seller lists began with Rising Tides. It was her first novel to be an immediate No. 1, a streak would seem endless as years go by. Serena and Caine (The MacGregors)The MacGregor Groomsà (The MacGregors)The Winning Handà (The MacGregors)Rising Tidesà (Chesapeake Bay Saga)Sea Swept (Chesapeake Bay Saga)Lilah and Suzanna (The Calhoun Women)Catherine and Amanda (The Calhoun Women)Once Upon a CastleHomeportSecret Starà (Stars of Mithra)The ReefHoliday in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 7)Midnight in Death (Robb, In Death No. 7.5 [short story]) 1999: Meet the Gallaghers of Ardmore For the second year in a row, Roberts was on a roll. She published a number of books and introduced readers to the Gallaghers of Ardmore in the process. This trilogy would wrap up in 2000. Inner Harborà (Chesapeake Bay Saga)The Perfect Neighborà (The MacGregors)The MacGregors: Daniel Ian (The MacGregors)The MacGregors: Alan Grant (The MacGregors)Jewels of the Sun (Gallaghers of Ardmore)Enchantedà (Donovan Legacy)Once Upon a StarRivers EndConspiracy in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 8)Loyalty in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 9) 2000: The Finales for Popular Series Some fan favorites continuedââ¬âand completedââ¬âin 2000. This included the finales for Night Tales, Gallaghers of Ardmore, and Irish Hearts. 2000 also saw the first of three books in the Three Sisters Island series. The Stanislaski Brothers: Convincing Alex/Luring a Lady (The Stanislaskis)Night Shieldà (Night Tales)Tears of the Moon (Gallaghers of Ardmore)Heart of the Seaà (Gallaghers of Ardmore)Irish Rebelà à (Irish Hearts)Carolina MoonDance Upon the Air (Three Sisters Island)Witness in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 10)Judgment in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 11) 2001: A Hardcover Best-seller In November of 2001, Roberts officially moved from best-selling paperbacks to the top of the hardcover list. The book Midnight Bayou was her first to go right to No. 1 in this edition. Considering Kateà (The Stanislaskis)Once Upon a RoseHeaven and Earthà (Three Sisters Island)The VillaMidnight BayouChesapeake Blue (Chesapeake Bay Saga)Betrayal in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 12)Interlude in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 12.5 [novella])Seduction in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 13) 2002: Cordinas Finale In 2002, we saw the final novel in the Cordinas Royal Family series, as well as other memorable single books. The year also marked the release of Summer Pleasure, a two-in-one reissue of the popular Second Nature and One Summer novels from 1986. Once Upon a DreamSummer PleasuresFace the Fireà (Three Sisters Island)Cordinas Crown Jewelà (Cordinas Royal Family)Three FatesReunion in Death (Robb, In Death No. 14)Purity in Death (Robb, In Death No. 15) 2003: The Key Trilogy Begins The Key trilogy made its debut on November 2003. This was a series that fans didnt have to wait forââ¬âthe second and third volumes followed monthly, ending with Key of Valor the next January. Because of this publication schedule, all three books in the series held spots on the best-seller list simultaneously, a rareââ¬âand impressiveââ¬âoccurrence. Key of Knowledge (The Key)Key of Light (The Key)Nora Roberts CompanionOnce Upon a MidnightRemember WhenBirthrightPortrait in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 16)Imitation in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 17) 2004: In the Garden Trilogy Debuts While 2004 saw the completion of The Key Trilogy, it also marked the release of Blue Dahlia, first in a trilogy called In the Garden. Blue Dahlia (In the Garden)Northern LightsKey of Valor (The Key)A Little FateDividedà inà Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 18)Visionsà inà Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 19) 2005: Five Fine Novels Roberts finished up the In the Garden trilogy in 2005 and also published the popular Blue Smoke. The year additionally saw her continue the dual release of her In Death series under the J.D. Robb pseudonym, hitting her 20th book in the collection. Black Roseà (In the Garden)Red Lilyà (In the Garden)Blue SmokeSurvivor in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 20)Origin in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 21) 2006: Angels Fall Wins In 2006, Roberts novel Angels Fall won the Quill Award for Book of the Year. The year is also significant because it saw all three novels of the immensely popular The Circle trilogy released in rapid succession. Bump in the NightAngels FallMorrigans Cross (Theà Circle)Dance of the Godsà (Theà Circle)Valley of Silenceà (Theà Circle)Memory in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 22)Born in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 23) 2007: Roberts on Lifetime Four of Roberts novels were adapted into TV movies by Lifetime Television in 2007, and more would follow in subsequent years. The year also saw the start of a new trilogy called Sign of Seven. In celebratory news, Roberts was named one of the 100 Most Influential People by Time during this year. High NoonDead of Night AnthologyBlood Brothersà (Sign of Seven)Innocent in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 24)Creation in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 25) 2008: An Award in Her Name The Romance Writers of America renamed their Lifetime Achievement Award after Nora Roberts in 2008. The Hollowà (Sign of Seven)The Pagan Stoneà (Sign of Seven)TributeSuite 606à (four short stories, written by J.D. Robb and three friends)Strangers In Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 26)Salvation In Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 27) 2009: 400 Million Copies Sold In 2009, Roberts and her books reached a milestone: According to a report from September of that year, there were more than 400 million copies of her books in print. Included in this count was a new series, The Bride Quartet. Vision in White (The Bride Quartet)Bed of Rosesà (The Bride Quartet)Black HillsPromises in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 28)Kindred in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 29)The Lostà (four short stories, written by J.D. Robb and three friends) 2010: The Bride Quartet Wraps Up The last two novels in The Bride Quartet series were released in 2010. Savor the Momentà (The Bride Quartet)Happy Ever Afterà (The Bride Quartet)The SearchThe Other Side AnthologyFantasy in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 30)Indulgence in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 31) 2011: The Beginnings of The Inn Boonsboro It was in 2011 that Roberts debuted her instantly popular The Inn Boonsboro trilogy. The first book, The Next Always, spent weeks at the top of the paperback best-seller lists. Chasing FireThe UnquietThe Next Always (The Inn Boonsboro)Treachery in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 32)New York to Dallasà (Robb, In Death No. 33) 2012: Roberts 200th Book In 2012, Roberts released her 200th novel, The Witness. The WitnessThe Last Boyfriend (The Innà Boonsboro)The Perfect Hope (The Innà Boonsboro)Celebrity in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 34)Delusion in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 35) 2013: Introducing the Cousins ODwyer The Cousins ODwyer trilogy quickly became a hit after the release of the first book, Dark Witch. Each of the three novels went straight to the top of theà New York Timesà Best Seller list. Whiskey BeachMirror, Mirror (five short stories, written by J.D. Robb and four friends)Dark Witchà (The Cousins ODwyer)Calculated in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 36)Thankless in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 37) 2014: The Cousins Finale Having started the year before, the Cousins ODwyer trilogy was completed in 2014. Shadow Spellà (The Cousins ODwyer)Blood Magick (The Cousins ODwyer)The CollectorConcealed in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 38)Festive in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 39) 2015: The 40th In Death Book It all began in 1995, and 20 years later, J.D. Robb published her 40th In Death book. Running at two novels per year, fans began to rely on the releases as something they could expect from Roberts. The year also saw the introduction of a new trilogy, The Guardians. The LiarDown the Rabbit HoleStars of Fortune (The Guardians)Obsessionà inà Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 40)Devotion in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 41) 2016: The Guardians Trilogy Concludes Fantasy abounds in Roberts Guardians trilogy. The series was finished in just over a year, and 2016 saw the series wrap up with what many consider two of the authors most imaginative works. The ObsessionBay of Sighs (The Guardians)Island of Glass (The Guardians)Brotherhood in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 42)Apprentice in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 43) 2017: 222 Books and Counting With the 2017 release of Come Sundown, Nora Roberts list of books hit 222. This is an astonishing library to come from a single author and one of the reasons The New Yorkerà has called her Americas favorite author. She also started a new series, Chronicles of The One. Year One (Chronicles of The One)Come SundownEchoes in Deathà (Robb, In Death No. 44)Secrets in Death (Robb, In Death No. 45) 2018: 500 million The Chronicles of The One series begun in 2017 was followed in late 2018, as well as two more In Death books. At this point, there have been 500 million of Nora Roberts books in print. Shelter in PlaceOf Blood and Bone (ââ¬Å"Chronicles of the Oneâ⬠)Dark in Deathà (Robb, ââ¬Å"In Deathâ⬠No. 46)Leverage in Death (Robb, ââ¬Å"In Deathâ⬠No. 47) 2019: In Death Continues The In Death series continues strong in 2019. We also see the next installment of the Chronicles of The One series, The Rise of the Magicks. Under CurrentsThe Rise of the Magicks (Chronicles of The One)Connections in Death (Robb, In Death No. 48)Vendetta in Death (Robb, In Death No. 49) Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-57183257660384470012019-12-29T19:23:00.001-08:002019-12-29T19:23:02.759-08:00Inspirational Quotes About Teacher Do you remember a teacher who inspired you? Do you want to thank that teacher for her or his selfless service? Here is your chance. Pick an inspirational quote for your teacher from this page and send it as a special message for your teacher. Each inspirational quote lauds the efforts of good teachers. Martin HeideggerTeaching is more difficult than learning because what teaching calls for is this: to let learn. The real teacher, in fact, lets nothing else be learned than learning. His conduct, therefore, often produces the impression that we properly learn nothing from him, if by learning we now suddenly understand merely the procurement of useful information.AnonymousIf you can read this, thank a teacher.Albert EinsteinIt is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge.John GarrettThe job of a teacher is to excite in the young a boundless sense of curiosity about life, so that the growing child shall come to apprehend it with an excitement tempered by awe and wonder.Edmond H. FischerIt is commonly said that a teacher fails if he has not been surpassed by his students.David E. PriceThe impending teacher shortage is the most critical education issue we will face in the next decade.Malcolm S. ForbesEducations purpose is to replace an empty mind w ith an open one.br/>Morihei UeshibaStudy how water flows in a valley stream, smoothly and freely between the rocks. Also learn from holy books and wise people. Everything -- even mountains, rivers, plants and trees -- should be your teacher.Richard BachLearning is finding out what we already know. Doing is demonstrating that you know it. Teaching is reminding others that they know just as well as you. You are all learners, doers and teachers.Thomas H. HuxleySit down before fact as a little child, be prepared to give up every preconceived notion, follow humbly wherever or whatever abysses nature leads, or you will learn nothing. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-57247248638672334422019-12-21T15:11:00.001-08:002019-12-21T15:11:02.984-08:00Is Today s Society Becoming A Dystopian World - 1313 Words Is todayââ¬â¢s society becoming a dystopian world? Both the novels 1984 by George Orwell and The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood provide warnings of how each author sees certain problems in society leading to dystopian states. Civilizations are forced to live by rules and for certain purposes to ensure the governments own goals and aspirations, but arise for different reasons. Atwood is concerned with political groups and aspects of feminism; The Handmaids Tale illustrates how declining birth rates could lead to a state where women are forced into bearing children. In contrast, when Orwell wrote 1984, just after World War two, he was concerned that governments were moving more toward totalitarianism. He worried that these governments might start taking away more of people s rights and freedoms. Both Authors believe that, soon enough governments will control everything, including freedom of expression, sexuality, and Language. Both novels are a perfect example of this, they cor rectly predicted what will in fact happen around they world. Loss of freedom of expression and speech is a main theme throughout Orwellââ¬â¢s 1984. Freedom of speech has everything to do with this novel. No one would ever speak out about what they like or dislike in casual conversation, knowing that it would be kept on record until it could be used against them to make them conform. Members of the Party do not have freedom of speech. The Proles are the only ones in the novel who can freely speak theirShow MoreRelatedBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1321 Words à |à 6 PagesBrave New World by Aldous Huxley, they are taken the World State, a dystopian society where the citizens are attracted to material goods, immediate happiness, and drugs that distract themselves from reality. Do Readers begin to wonder if the society we live in today become a dystopian society? While comparing societies, we begin to realize that our society is almost identical to the World State. Our societies are very similar, but we will never become a dystopian society like the World State, forRead MoreAnalysis Of 1984768 Words à |à 4 PagesOrwells vision coming to life The world today is becoming a 21st century 1984. 1984 by George Orwell foreshadows similarity between technology, safety, and language in todays world as well as in the picture of 1984ââ¬â¢ society. The made up idea of telescreens, memory holes, different language, and safety probation have become to simmare to the present world. In Orwells work conclusions can be drawn that he definitely was pointing to something much greater in our world then within his book. ThroughoutRead MoreAldous Huxley s A Brave New World1649 Words à |à 7 PagesAldous Huxley has presented us a compelling story in the 20th-century called a Brave New World. One of the most notable dystopian novels, it calls for a reader to conceptualize a world, in which society and science are synonymous with each other, history had faded far into obscurity, and Henry Ford, the creator of the assembly line, becomes a deity to many uniformed individuals. The book was about how humans are no longer created by the conventional means of mating, rather artificially, throughRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511120 Words à |à 5 Pagesa dystopia, such as dehumanization, individuality suppression, and the ever-growing gap between upper and lower class. The United States is heading down the path of becoming a dystopian society. Citizens in the United States have the same general behavior as those in Ray Bradburyââ¬â¢s novel, Fahrenheit 451. This novel features a world where cars are fast, music is loud, and watching television is the main way to spend free time. People rarely make time for each other, rarely imagine and form theirRead MoreA New Dystopia By George Orwell1372 Words à |à 6 PagesAldous Huxley or George Orwell? Ever since these two authors released their dystopian novels over 50 years ago, both authors and avid fans have argued as to which dystopia will take over our society. Will it be the brute force, boot and gun approach of Orwell s dystopia or the all-loving, drug-accepting society that Huxley illustrates? If you take a closer look, a mix of both dystopias is quite apparent in our society today; we are living in our own modern, advanced and constantly developing dystopiaRead MoreBrave New World Analysis1257 Words à |à 6 Pages In Brave New World, the author Aldous Huxley predict s a future, like no other, where truth is trumped by happiness. The people in the World State are ignorant of the truth. They mistake the truth as happiness. This ignorance leads them to believe that a tablet called soma is used ââ¬Å"to calm your anger, to reconcile you to your enemies, to make you patientâ⬠(Huxley 213). Through drugs and conditioning, the government has kept the World State uninformed of the truth. Being controlled by the governmentRead MoreThe Role Of Parents Are Becoming A Common Picture1732 Words à |à 7 Pagesborn into this world, the traditional thing to have straight out the womb, is a mom. This mom would then have a spouse which would help parent that child through adolescence and beyond. Parentsââ¬â¢ are given the job of raising their son or daughter so that they can live on their own and make choices by themselves. Parents in todayââ¬â¢s society arenââ¬â¢t the typical household piece you tend to see in movies and read in books. Before , it was always a mom and dad who were female and male. Today, a child doesnââ¬â¢tRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Uglies 1317 Words à |à 6 PagesYoungblood lives in a post apocalyptic world revolving around the perfectiveness of the human body and ones outward appearance. With all children receiving an extreme makeover surgery at age 16, the world is reconstructed to make every one ââ¬Å"prettyâ⬠. Although this book was written in 2005, Scott Westerfield made this new world not too far from achievable today. With over 11 million cosmetic surgery procedures in 2013, the demand for perfection is on the rise. Society has a manipulated mindset as to whatRead MoreHarrison Bergeron Egalitarianism Essay1165 Words à |à 5 Pagesbeauty that a person may have? Anyone reading ââ¬Å"Harrison Bergeronâ⬠can relate to the ideals of this dystopian world. The fixation of control and uniformity in the novel is a great comparison to the epitomes of communism we see today. Such as societies like North Korea. In which their government has total control of its country. Since the society in the story focuses on the idea of egalitarianism becoming the pillar of their community. A personââ¬â¢s individual aspects of themselves are abolished. So thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 Essay1311 Words à |à 6 Pagesfuture and the consequences that may come with it. The novel depicts a dystopian society in which freedom of expression and thought is limited and books are outlawed. Written after WWII, when book burning and the blacklisting or censorship of films was a common threat. Technological advances were beginning to spread and therefore, influencing many of the themes within Bradburyââ¬â¢s text, many which are still applic able to todayââ¬â¢s society. The literary narrative is set in and around an unspecified, twenty-fourth Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-73337519670115870912019-12-13T11:41:00.001-08:002019-12-13T11:41:06.577-08:00Certificate program education Free Essays My employment in the field of education may be coincidental but is probably attributable to my quest for learning and advancing knowledge in all aspects of my life. Additionally, I believe in the notion that no matter what a businessmanââ¬â¢s product is, this person is definitely in the education business. To succeed, the individual must constantly educate his customers on the many advantages of doing business with him, train them on how to use the product efficiently as well as effectively and therefore make never-ending improvement in their lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Certificate program education or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is against this background that I would wish to apply for an admission to University of Colorado to pursue a Certificate in Leadership Studies. My decision to settle for this certificate program was mainly informed by several reasons. Firstly, a teacher is definitely a leader and the program would help me expand my knowledge in leadership skills. This knowledge, I believe, would be helpful in my Junior Reserve Officerââ¬â¢s Training Corps (JROTC) classes. The certificate would complement the values of citizenship, service to my country, personal responsibility as well as accomplishments, the very virtues that the JROTC program wishes to instill into every American through teaching which is my career. Additionally, I believe in the process of continuous evaluation, improving on my weak areas and carrying on the desirable virtues for the sake of my country and humanity at large, which I in turn pass over to my students. With the dynamic nature of education, I take it as my responsibility to be abreast with the most current knowledge. Leadership Studies and other related courses such as Conflict Resolution Management are therefore becoming increasingly important, more so for those in social responsibilities. In this bid, the University of Coloradoââ¬â¢s Certificate Program would make me a better teacher by equipping me with more knowledge and leadership skills that are inclined towards my career as a teacher. Though I have a degree in Business Administration, I must say that the future looks bright although I have not reached the epic. I would wish to purse a Masters in Education after this certificate. This would career-wise place me in a better position and I would even be better equipped to serve humanity at a position which is much higher. In addition, it would ensure an increased remuneration and package that would transform both to my personal growth as well as that of my family. As such, a certificate in Leadership Studies would form a good foundation for a Masters as all are inclined towards the field of education and would also be part of my greater continuous improvement personal policy. My decision for a certificate in Leadership Studies at Colorado University was further informed by a critical analysis based on accruing costs and benefits. Apart from the great reputation that the University of Colorado holds in the world of Junior Reserve Officerââ¬â¢s Training Corps, I was looking a local university that could offer me a Certificate that carries international recognition, and at a pocket friendly price. Whether on distance learning mode or otherwise, to me, Colorado university appeared as the most viable option, more so for a veteran like me. Moreover, I consider education as the asset that does not build dreams but also ensures their realization. It is the asset that that rekindles hope, as through it, a bright future is foreseen. Irrespective of age, education turns a weak person to an energetic one while confidence within an individual is built through educational accomplishments. Through education, one not only understands themselves but also discovers their potential, grabs opportunities and is therefore able to pursue success into its greatest heights. à As a conclusion, I wish to make a worthy contribution to my life and humanity at large, and only through education can I secure the chance to do so. It also bears noting that through this certificate, I wish to open up my mind and expand my horizons in all aspects, and this remains my objective as I place my application for consideration into admission to Colorado University. How to cite Certificate program education, Papers Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-34356098136046796912019-12-05T08:00:00.001-08:002019-12-05T08:00:04.198-08:00Condition Of Australian Hospitality Industry â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Condition Of Australian Hospitality Industry. Answer: Introduction Over the bygone years there has been an extraordinary development across the business sector of Australia. Among the many segments, the hospitality industry is recognized to be one of the most influential economic drivers not only at a local and state rank, but also at a national level. As per Chen (2014, p. 431), with an employment of more than 300,000 personnel over 6,807 hotels, restaurants and bars, the Australian hospitality industry generates an annual income ranging between $10 billion to $14 billion. However, Bugeja et al. (2014, pp. 248-261) states that there has been a recent downfall of sales performance due to certain factors. This particular project focuses on the various issues that have greatly affected the hospitality business of the country. In order to identify and learn about the different characteristics, the report includes a literature review as well. Project Objective The major objectives for this project are as follows: To study the current condition of Australian hospitality industry To recognize and categorize factors that affects sales performance of the sector Project Scope Despite of being well developed, the Australian hospitality industry has been faced with some challenges that directly or indirectly impacts its sales volume and thereby revenue generation. This particular project along with studying the past conditions focuses on the present to be able to find out the most affecting elements. Further, the project also makes use of several primary and secondary data sources with a motive to develop an accurate report on the topic. Literature Review: Australian Hospitality Industry According to Chon et al. (2013, pp. 103-121), hotels, restaurants and pubs in Australia have acted as significant contributors to the economic prosperity and development of the nation. From the first pub built after European settlement to a spread of more than 6,500 set ups across the country, hospitality industry have undergone a long and tiring journey. However, it is noticed that among the growth of the sector, there has emerged certain factors that has not only impacted stability and efficiency, but also affected revenue growth and sales performance of the hospitality industry. As per Tar et al. (2014, pp. 1-12), the various elements that affect business can be typically divided into two parts, controllable and uncontrollable factors. In addition to certain internal characters, there exist a number of externalities that has changed the face of the segment. The different micro and macro component that put a pressure on the hospitality industry are the following: PEST Analysis Political Factors: 1. Legislative changes 2. Unplanned policy integrations 3. Government regulations 4. Wars and domestic conflicts 5. Internal trading Economic Factors: 1. Income rate changes 2. Tax fluctuations 3. Interest and exchange rate falls 4. Declining markets Social Factors: 1. Changing customer behaviour 2. Lifestyle trends 3. Demographical changes 4. Media opinions 5. Ethical issues Technological Factors: 1. Innovation growth 2. RD instalments 3. Technology incentives 4. Technology maturity 5. Market entry barriers 6. Automation needs 7. Digital economy 8. Technological rate change 9. Telecommunications Table: Macro and Micro Affecting Factors (Hospitality Industry) (Source: Assaf et al., 2017, pp. 270-279) Major Factors Affecting Sales Performance in Australian Hospitality Industry The hospitality industry of Australia has been booming for last few decades now. Although the sector produces a huge revenue, Kandampully et al. (2015, pp. 379-414) states that there has always certain factors that put a negative pressure on business. As compared to earlier situations, the present has felt a hardened pinch of the factors. In addition to a down fall of profits, the industry has also been confronted with lowered customer visits, employee complains and degraded trade volumes. The various factors that significantly impacts sales performance in the Australian hospitality industry are as follows: Intensive Competition: Being a high profit earning section, the section is subject to a large number of entrepreneurial ventures. An increase in the competition noticeably increases bargaining power of the customers, which in turn result in a downfall of income levels of companies. Based on the study of Jones et al. (2016, pp. 36-67), it can be noticed that a 59% of the sector believes that a rise of rivalry has affected their sales performances. Additionally, foreign intervention in the industry has also increased by 7.4% in the last two years (2015-2016). Degraded Customer Retention: An increase of organizations providing similar kind of services has provided consumers with innumerable options to choose from. Further, competitive prices set by every other firm acts as a major attraction for the people. On the other hand, almost 54% customers in the nation also prefer to try new restaurants or bars rather than being loyal to any one of them. Statistically, 60% companies have faced a stretched sales figure due to this problem (McManus, 2013, pp. 140-152). Changing Customer Perspectives: Modern hospitality businesses are not only based on high quality - cheap rate products, but also give a increased importance to ambience, service, infrastructure and many other factors (Cantallops and Salvi, 2014, pp. 41-56). The uncontrollable preferences of customers greatly tend to affect the sector. On other hand, with a change in the demographics of the Australian population there is a change in their likings as well. Increased Wastage: Wastage of products by companies have increased by 5.4% in the current year. It is noted that a progressive rise of competition levels have put a direct pressure on food and beverage firms. Further, improper planning and management have also contributed to the loss of the business in the sector. Employment Destabilisation: Surviving in the hospitality industry of Australia is a challenge for business organizations (Xie et al., 2014, pp. 1-12). In addition to a sustainable management system, presence of highly skilled and well trained employees helps to develop sales and revenue. However, employment of such workers is an issue for about 54% enterprises in the sector. Apart from hiring, poor retaining of staff gives to rise to performance disputes. Increase of Operating Costs: Among the several factors, one of the most directly impacting elements is the increase of operating cost. The presence of penalty rates and employment charges put a huge weight on the finances of a firm. Additionally, existence of a complex taxation system and GST obligations in the Australian hospitality industry play a major role in degrading sales profits. 72% of the business owners in the sector classify penalty rates to be among the top three hurdles for their firm. On the other hand, GST and taxes stress about 45% of the industry. Further, the increasing Eftpos and credit card charges also tend to cut down sales volumes (Chon et al., 2013, pp. 103-121). Conclusion Based on the above project it can be inferred that the Australian hospitality industry has been confronted with several hurdles in the modern years. With a growth and development of the nation there has been a rise of several factors that tend to affect smooth flow of business in the sector. Despite of being well developed, the segment is faced with numerous issues that need to be managed. It is noted that an increase of competition, loss of customers, change of perspectives, increase of wastes and employment problems have noticeably affected sales for organizations. Further, a rise of operating costs also puts a pressure on financial performance of firms as well. Lastly, it can be concluded that in order to regain sales health and maintain efficiency enterprises need to plan, control and thereby manage negativities. References Assaf, A.G., Josiassen, A., Woo, L., Agbola, F.W. and Tsionas, M., (2017). Destination characteristics that drive hotel performance: A state-of-the-art global analysis.Tourism Management,60, pp. 270-279. Bugeja, M., Lu, M., and Shan, Y. (2014) Cost Stickiness in Australia: Characteristics and Determinants.Australian Accounting Review,25,3, pp. 248-261. Cantallops, A.S. and Salvi, F., (2014). New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, pp. 41-51. Chen, J. S. (2014).Advances in hospitality and leisure: Volume 10. United Kingdom : Emerald, p. 431. Chon, K. S., Barrows, C. W., and Bosselman, R. H. (2013).Hospitality Management Education. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, pp. 103-121. Jones, P., Jones, P., Hillier, D., Hillier, D., Comfort, D. and Comfort, D., (2016). Sustainability in the hospitality industry: some personal reflections on corporate challenges and research agendas.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(1), pp. 36-67. Kandampully, J., Zhang, T. and Bilgihan, A., (2015). Customer loyalty: a review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), pp. 379-414. McManus, L., (2013). Customer accounting and marketing performance measures in the hotel industry: Evidence from Australia.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, pp. 140-152. Tar, J.J., Molina-Azorn, J.F., Pereira-Moliner, J., Lpez-Gamero, M.D. and Pertusa-Ortega, E.M., (2014). Quality Management and Performance in the Hotel Industry: A Literature Review. InAction-Based Quality Management. Springer International Publishing, pp. 1-12. Xie, K.L., Zhang, Z. and Zhang, Z., (2014). The business value of online consumer reviews and management response to hotel performance.International Journal of Hospitality Management,43, pp. 1-12.Bottom of Form Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-64109004492185682562019-11-28T12:40:00.001-08:002019-11-28T12:40:04.838-08:00Corporation Social Responsibility Executive Summary This paper touches the aspects of corporation social responsibility and the challenges, the world faces with each time a new organization appears and offers its services. It is crucially important to offer proper strategic options in order to be able to control situation, protect environment, and still take leading positions in the chosen industry.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Corporation Social Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Three major questions about corporation social responsibility and the conflicts between activities, demands, and needs will be discussed in this paper. Personal opinion of how to make an organization more effective and not harmful for environment and society will be offered as well. Corporate Social Responsibility as an Effective Business Opportunity to Companies with a Mix of Stakeholders Strategic options to companies with a mix of stakehold ers Nowadays, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is widely discussed by numerous organizations because its main duty is to perform business and, at the same time, to respect the rights of all individuals and to support human welfare (Manakkalathil Rudolf 1995, p. 29). Numerous researches have already showed that the role of stakeholders influences positive development of social responsibility images (Maignan Ralston 2002, p. 497), this is why this sphere has to be studied thoroughly. There is a separate group of stakeholders, called a ââ¬Å"mix of stakeholdersâ⬠, that includes already overlooked stakeholders or those representatives, who decrease own relevance to the particular project. This mix of stakeholders may touch upon specific aspects, which may become crucial for any other stakeholder (Franklin 2001, p. 288). And such strategic options like improving private health services or prevention of possible inflectional diseases, possibilities to become th e cheapest and the best simultaneously, and domination in the chosen niche of industry by means of multiple donations from different stakeholders. Conflict between luxury branding and environmental concern The cult of luxury branding becomes more and more prevalent day by day (Greene 2008, p. 48), and the concerns about environment, its pollution, and its challenges are also burning enough to pay more and more attention to them (Vos, Sapat, Thai 2002, p. 305). The conflict among these two concepts is obvious, because people are always eager to have wealth and health, and do not bother how to find out the necessary balance. Sustainable business is one of those, who actually cares about these both issues and try to solve this conflict, providing possible benefits to protect environment, and at the same time, be interesting and popular among rich people. The investigations prove that green policy is inherent to many developing companies, and even a new rebellion technological revoluti on cannot be stopped, the activities of sustainable organizations should prevent the disaster (Fields 2002, 142).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Luxury branding is a good source to earn money and pick out reliable and constant financial supporters, however, when we talk about money, the issue of safe environment becomes less important. It turns out to be very difficult to solve this dilemma and its outcomes become crucial for many business organizations, its stakeholders, and its individuals. Effects on company performance ââ¬Å"Organizations need to be able to manage both change and current business to achieve sustainable growthâ⬠(Rogers 2004, p. 21), and also cope with the problems, which prevent citizens from safe existence. People face numerous problems, which cannot be solved within a short period of time, and such challenges like pollution of environ ment, child labour abuses, or unanswered health issues bothers many organizations (Guarnieri Kao 2008, p. 36). However, there are always some kind of hope that proves the ability to bridge the dilemma and fight against the conflicts within organizations and the world. And one of the first steps, which have to be taken, is the recognition of the problem and identification that human activities, aimed at satisfying personal demands, are the grounds for environmental problems (Quinn, JB Quinn, JF 2000, p. 45). Evaluation of risks, identification of brands, and attention to human resources ââ¬â these points have to be taken into account as well in order to solve dilemma and conflict of human needs and demands. Personal evaluation of corporation social responsibility Porter and Kramer (2006) admit that government and numerous activists become involved into the development of sustainable business, however, remain to be unable to predict social consequences (p. 78). I think that the activities of such organizations like Toyota, Volvo, or Whole Foods Market may be introduced like the best examples of how to carry out their corporate social responsibilities and offered for the companies (Converse, Chateau Latour, or Artemis S. A), led by Mr. Pinault. First of all, it is necessary to pay much attention to such issues like private health services, because only health workers are able to present good products and bring benefits to the company. Another important idea that has to be admitted by Mr. Pinault is that social responsibilities imply certain pricing, and this pricing is closely connected to society and its well-being (Smith 2003, p. 52). This is why it is necessary to care about the financial support of each organization and not to waste money on searching more investors, because Mr. Pinault may allow any kind of investing independently, but concentrate on such issues like health, personal achievements, and care about workers.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Corporation Social Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More List of References Fields, S 2002, ââ¬ËSustainable Business Makes Dollars Senseââ¬â¢, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 110, No. 3, pp. 142. Franklin, AL 2001, ââ¬ËInvolving Stakeholders in Organizational Processesââ¬â¢, International Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 24, no.4, pp.385-403 Greene, L 2008, ââ¬ËThe Teen Takeoverââ¬â¢, The Daily Mail, October, p.48. Guarnieri, R. Kao, T 2008, ââ¬ËLeadership and CSR ââ¬â a Perfect Matchââ¬â¢, People Strategy, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 34-41. Maignan, I., Ralston, D 2002, ââ¬ËCorporate Social Responsibility in Europe and the US: Insights from Businessesââ¬â¢ Self Presentationsââ¬â¢, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 33 No.3, pp.497-514. Manakkalathil, J., Rudolf, E 1995, ââ¬ËCorporate Social Responsibility in a Globalizing Market ââ¬â¢, SAM Advanced Management Journal, vol. 47, no. 1, pp.29-32. Porter, M.E. Kramer, M.R 2006, ââ¬ËStrategy Societyââ¬â¢, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 84 No. 12, pp. 78-92.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Quinn, JF Quinn, JB 2000, ââ¬ËForging Environmental Marketsââ¬â¢, Issues in Science and Technology, Vol. 16, No.3, pp. 45. Rogers, M 2004, ââ¬ËCapabilities for Sustainable Business Successââ¬â¢, Australian Journal of Management, Vol. 29, No.1, pp.21. Smith, C 2003, ââ¬ËCorporate Social Responsibility: Whether or How?ââ¬â¢, California Management Review, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 52-76. Vos, JJ, Sapat, A, Thai, KV 2002, ââ¬ËBlaming the Victim: The Role of Decision-Makers in the Occurrence of Environmental Injusticeââ¬â¢, International Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 23, pp. 305. Bibliography http://wetland.org/ About environmental concern http://mallenbaker.net/ Corporate Social Responsibility https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility#Brand_differentiation Corporate Social Responsibility https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pinault Francois Pinault This critical writing on Corporation Social Responsibility was written and submitted by user N1ghtcrawler to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-19390110209163441482019-11-24T20:14:00.001-08:002019-11-24T20:14:02.802-08:00Free Essays on McDonalizationMcDonaldââ¬â¢s is a huge fast-food restaurant chain that you can find all over the world. You can go to China or to Europe no matter where you are at you will be able to find a McDonaldââ¬â¢s. McDonaldââ¬â¢s is not just a fast food restaurant in the United States, but it is more a symbol of our way of life. ...McDonaldization,...is the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world. (Ritzer 1993) The central concepts employed in the fast-food industry have spread to all types of restaurants. Everything from pizza to lobster, from ice cream to bread, from alcohol to fried chicken is dominated by the chain mentality. Itââ¬â¢s not only the food industry that represents this process of McDonalization. Toy stores (Toys Rââ¬â¢ Us), bookstores (Barnes and Noble), newspapers (USA Today), and learning (Sylvan Learning Centers) have all followed this process. All these developments have four things in common according to George Ritzer (1993) efficiency, calculability, uniformity and predictability, and control through automation. Efficiency means the choosing of means to reach a specific end rapidly, with the least amount of cost or effort. The idea of efficiency is specific to the interests of the industry or business, but is typically advertised as a benefit to the customer. There are plenty of examples drive up windows, ATMs, self-service gas pumps, and even scanning our own groceries. Efficiency is the central way of our life, and we think that if it is done quickly that makes the changes positive. ââ¬Å"Calculability involves an emphasis on things that can be calculated, counted, quantified. Quantification refers to a tendency to emphasize quantity rather than quality. This leads to a sense that quality is equal to certain, usually (but not always) large quantities of things." (Ritzer 1994)â⬠This includes such things as th... Free Essays on McDonalization Free Essays on McDonalization McDonaldââ¬â¢s is a huge fast-food restaurant chain that you can find all over the world. You can go to China or to Europe no matter where you are at you will be able to find a McDonaldââ¬â¢s. McDonaldââ¬â¢s is not just a fast food restaurant in the United States, but it is more a symbol of our way of life. ...McDonaldization,...is the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world. (Ritzer 1993) The central concepts employed in the fast-food industry have spread to all types of restaurants. Everything from pizza to lobster, from ice cream to bread, from alcohol to fried chicken is dominated by the chain mentality. Itââ¬â¢s not only the food industry that represents this process of McDonalization. Toy stores (Toys Rââ¬â¢ Us), bookstores (Barnes and Noble), newspapers (USA Today), and learning (Sylvan Learning Centers) have all followed this process. All these developments have four things in common according to George Ritzer (1993) efficiency, calculability, uniformity and predictability, and control through automation. Efficiency means the choosing of means to reach a specific end rapidly, with the least amount of cost or effort. The idea of efficiency is specific to the interests of the industry or business, but is typically advertised as a benefit to the customer. There are plenty of examples drive up windows, ATMs, self-service gas pumps, and even scanning our own groceries. Efficiency is the central way of our life, and we think that if it is done quickly that makes the changes positive. ââ¬Å"Calculability involves an emphasis on things that can be calculated, counted, quantified. Quantification refers to a tendency to emphasize quantity rather than quality. This leads to a sense that quality is equal to certain, usually (but not always) large quantities of things." (Ritzer 1994)â⬠This includes such things as th... Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-14490174912466236332019-11-21T08:09:00.001-08:002019-11-21T08:09:09.023-08:00A Non-Profit Organization Solve Inc Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1A Non-Profit Organization Solve Inc - Term Paper Example This has answered the needs of customers in a timely manner and provided return trade-off. Price entails the charge of the services that we are offering; this has been tricky since it determines customer base of our company. We are offering low priced services and products to allow customers afford. In addition, we are non-profit Non-Governmental Organization thus our services are public oriented. We have been able to observe the market environment and competitorsââ¬â¢ price strategies to ensure we are relevant. Business location is a critical ingredient in success and expansion since it increases convenience between suppliers and the organization. Our location has been strategic especially in residential areas, high traffic and main roads that are easily accessible. In essence, the strategy is focused on the commuting families and individuals. In addition, the company aims at supplying their products and services to local businesses, offices, and schools. On the other hand, the location of business should be close to processing facilities, market, and source of supply. We have committed to advertising our products and services through internet Web site, which has proven to be effective. Notably, the internet is fast turning into a major promotional avenue, and the institution believes it will advance with regards to the importance over time. Furthermore, it is the most convenient means for us to wide presence from the onset. Our major customer at the moment is the S.S Conner Elementary School. After we are successful with the school we will extend our services to other poor performing elementary schools within the area before we expand to other institutions of learning within and outside the state. The image of our institution is very vital because it finds out the relationship with our customers in the education sector. Having a good image will attract customers and clients to our table. We intend to do what we do best.à We intend to do what we do best. By being the best in the education industry, we will become a respected leader in the field. The level of education in Texas should be top-notch. We also seek to promote and offer quality services. This way, clients, and prospects will acknowledge our services. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-10038284363167096972019-11-20T10:57:00.001-08:002019-11-20T10:57:06.591-08:00Crisis Prevention & intervention in healthcare (management of Essay - 4Crisis Prevention & intervention in healthcare (management of assaultive behavior)6 - Essay Example Patients in crisis can be a threat to others and to self. Restraining entails restricting the arms, legs and tying the waist to reduce or contain mobility. Patients can be confined in hospital willingly or unwillingly. Restrain prevents a patient from moving their head, body, arms or legs freely. Items used to facilitate medical examination such as bandage are not considered restrain. Measures to restrain patients with assaultive behavior are carefully selected because restriction or seclusion could lead to negative outcomes if excessively implemented. Therefore, recommended measures should be least restrictive and steered towards specific result. Restraining techniques are recommended only when necessary. Restraining can be granted if the patient or family request. Advice for restrain by the healthcare professional should be accompanied by the length of time the assaultive person should be restrained. Observations should be made when the patient is restrained and recorded at regular intervals. Reviews can be made to assist the patient overcome their condition. Restraining is not used as a convenient way of containing the patient when healthcare professionals want to discipline the assaultive patient. Additionally, healthcare professionals should be aware of the body alignment when implementing least restriction to avoid body injuries. The patient should be able to change movement and exercise. Body circulation is important to enable the body to continue functioning as Ballard and Rockett (2009, p. 34) mention. Psychological restrain may precede chemical restrain and physical measures to restrain. Psychological restrain is given in the form of a program or a therapy. Activities are designed to meet the diverse situation of the assaultive behavior by withholding certain privileges. The privileges withdrawn do not include the basic needs. The patient given retrain will have access to shelter, clothing and food. Patients Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-48976490026963958292019-11-18T04:15:00.001-08:002019-11-18T04:15:03.522-08:00International Culture and Ethics Research PaperInternational Culture and Ethics - Research Paper Example There is need for individuals to develop intercultural cooperation skills that will enable them to cooperate with other people of different culture for is vital for survival. Business ethics refer to standards of moral behavior that relate to corporate as well as entrepreneurial situations while business culture refers to values, norms morals that are practiced by a group of people and they reflect their way of living or the way they do business. The two lead to expected behavior of people in an organization or as they do business. Since ethics suggest standard, it implies that they entail a legal aspect and violation of ethics can lead to legal ramification while violation of the business culture may not result to something so drastic. To individuals wanting to operate a business between different regions or countries there is need to compare the culture in your home country with that of the host country. In order to start an international business, individuals need to ask themselves some essential open ended questions and make a thorough research on the particular business and the countries to be involved. This is simply because it will require that the person functions in a foreign language. At first, it is quite in order to have a look at guides having articles on how to do business world wide and make deals on how to operate the business. This may require negotiating on the tactics to use, determining the value of connections required, use of business card and content, how to present oneself in meetings, language to use in promoting the business, adherence to company policy governing the type of business and get to know more of the business culture information. Secondly is to important to consider a prosperous entertainment which entails determining typical mealtimes for the day, best venues the business entertainment is to take place, acceptance or declination of invitations, gu idelines of hosting a social event and get to know more on business Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7941092788996255888.post-37810047708682095482019-11-15T16:46:00.001-08:002019-11-15T16:46:08.215-08:00Why Teach Vocabulary Through Literature?Why Teach Vocabulary Through Literature? Why Teaching Vocabulary Through Literature? We may consider creating an anthology of literature for secondary, young adult, and students studying English as a foreign language. It may include authentic poetry, essays, plays, and short stories, whose writers represent a diversity of cultures, backgrounds, and points of view. In addition to providing students with skills for understanding and appreciating literature, the application components complement and reinforce each other by giving students integrated practice in key language skills. Literary fragments offer multiple activities for students to access background knowledge of the themes and ideas presented in the literary pieces, and poses questions for them to consider as they read. In post-reading activities, students check comprehension of main ideas, and discuss and interpret the more subtle points of the selections. In special Focus on Reading and Focus on Literature , students practice reading skills and identify some common literary devices. Also, they provide students with ideas for creative writing as well as opportunities for critical thinking and values clarification. Moreover, they emphasize sharing and peer feedback, giving students a real audience for their work. The paperwork takes the approach that giving students a genuine opportunity to experience literature and encouraging their direct, active participation in discovering literature are the best ways to engage them. It promotes the importance of personal experience and pleasure in the teaching of literature and vocabulary and embraces the notion that literary pieces should also serve as models and catalysts for generating students own creative writing. The selection of contemporary literature pieces offer a diversity of experience and opinion, allowing for comparison and contrast of different writing styles, literary elements, and ethnic and gender issues. While the specific activities for presenting each poem, story, essay, or play vary, there is a predictable lesson format for introducing, reading, discussing, and reacting to each piece. The purpose of the pre-reading is to activate students background knowledge regarding the theme and key ideas or issues raised in the particular literary piece. Having students share their personal experiences before they read serves several functions: it encourages group knowledge, generates useful language for discussing the piece, and prepares students to make personal connections with the reading. Discussion include films or illustrations and questions. Since the purpose is to elicit students ideas and help them share knowledge, it is suggested that you discuss these questions as a class. However, if you have a large class, some students may feel more comfortable sharing their ideas in smaller groups. In this case, you can ask each group to present its ideas to the whole class. If students seem reluctant to talk, you can break the ice by relating a personal experience or observation regarding one or more of the discussion questions. Vocabulary support in the lessons with poems consists of a gloss below each fragment. Providing definitions for some potentially difficult or unfamiliar words and expressions (such as idioms and slang) helps students understand and appreciate the larger meaning of the text. In the lessons with stories, poems , essays or plays-which typically include a heavier vocabulary load-a vocabulary exercise is provided in addition to the glosses. These exercises encourage students to figure out the meaning of unfamiliar words and expressions from context. The purpose of reading is to pose one or more questions for students to consider as they read the piece, giving them some aspect, feature, or idea on which to focus their attention. Students are referred back to these questions after they read and discuss the pieces to confirm their understanding. Post-reading questions enable students to clarify their ideas through activities that focus on specific reading skills and literary elements. The activities offer students guided avenues for interpretation, while giving them space to make their own personal connections to the literary pieces. Comprehension questions check students understanding of the main ideas and the more objective or literal aspects of the extract they have read. Some questions require students to identify details in the piece and to make inferences. Focus on Reading highlights important reading skills such as getting meaning from context, making inferences, distinguishing between fact and opinion, and identifying pronoun referents. Some Focus on Reading presentations treat linguistic features as they relate to literature, such as the uses of reduced forms and register. As a class or in small groups, students read a short presentation on a specific reading skill or linguistic feature, then do an activity to practice it. Focus on Literature helps students identify key literary elements such as metaphors, similes, personification, and alliteration. After reading a short presentation describing a particular element, students do an activity to demonstrate their understanding. Expansion questions are interpretive and require critical thinking. They are designed to probe the more subjective aspects of the pieces. These questions lend themselves to various interpretations, and allow students to connect their personal experiences to the literature. Sometimes questions in this section deal with issues of values clarification, requiring students to reflect on their personal values as these relate to the unit themes. Because of the personal and open-ended nature of these expansion questions, it is suggested that students discuss them in small groups, where they may feel more comfortable sharing their ideas, values, and feelings. It may sometimes happen that a student feels uncomfortable discussing or has no opinion about a particular question, such as one relating to personal values or perhaps some aspect of his or her culture. Accordingly, it is important to let students know that they always have the chance to opt out of discussing any question, for example by saying, I pass, or I have no opinion. Other students need to be encouraged to respect these responses. The writing response activities provide a venture for students to connect personally and creatively with aspects and elements of the literary piece they have read. As with the previous post-reading discussion activities, the goal of these writing activities is to offer students starting points-to suggest ways of responding to the poem, story, essay, or play-while encouraging them to use their imagination and explore their own feelings, impressions, and interpretations in crafting their personal responses. While students are given a choice of three writing response activities for each piece, you should feel free to give them the option of creating a response of their own choosing related to the piece. Since the purpose of an anthology is to encourage students to connect their experiences to literature, they should not feel restrained or discouraged from connecting creatively in their own ways with the different pieces. Of course, you may want to check a students idea before he or she writes to make sure the response is appropriate to the piece and/or lesson theme. Peer Response activities are pair or small group activities. Students read each others writings, comment on them, and, as appropriate, offer suggestions for improving them. The emphasis here is on giving and receiving positive and constructive feedback-for example, pointing out what they like best about a classmates writing, indicating if some part of the writing is unclear, or asking for more information. Moreover, by sharing their work, students are writing for a real audience-for their peers, not just for a single teacher. Finally, students stand to gain additional insights into a literary piece through their classmates personal responses. About the Author biographies give students information about the authors of the pieces they have read. Students who enjoy particular pieces may be moved to read other work by the authors, or to search the Internet or library for more information about particular authors. On Further Reflection These consolidation and extension activities appear at the end of every unit in a text book. They provide additional opportunities for students to react and relate their experiences to the different literary pieces in the unit-for example, to compare the way the characters in different pieces reacted to a similar or a totally different situation, or to explore further some values that may relate to a particular theme. There are also suggestions for relating aspects of the unit theme to a larger area. Language Writers choose their words very carefully to create a particular mood or feeling; often, they do this to help the reader see, hear, taste, smell, or feel what is being described. This kind of sensory language and description is called imagery. Authors also use words to communicate ideas above the common, or literal, meaning of the words. This use of words to create a special kind of meaning is called figurative language. Some examples of figurative language include metaphor (a comparison between two things), simile (a comparison between two things, using the words like or as), and personification (giving human qualities to an animal, object, or idea). Vocabulary items may be unfamiliar. One of the underlying principles of an anthology is that students should be encouraged to figure out unfamiliar words and expressions from the context, and in some cases, to accept uncertain definitions. The vocabulary exercises in the lessons support this idea, and they are written to help students apply this reading strategy. To help them become more fluent and independent readers, students should be encouraged to read through the literary pieces without stopping to look up words in a dictionary. If, after reading a piece, they have questions about some words, they can use their dictionaries to look up definitions. Student participation and group work help build students confidence. The more comfortable students are with their peers, their teacher, and the overall classroom atmosphere, the more confident they will become in sharing their ideas and opinions as a class and in groups. Whenever possible, encourage student participation. Another guiding principle is that, in studying literature, readers experiences and points of view are as important as those of the writers-that reading literature is a cooperative and interactive activity, whereas everyones experience and ideas are valid in contributing to understanding the larger meaning of a piece. Using the literary fragments as models is a way to stimulate students imagination and elicit their personal connections. An anthology is intended in part to serve as model for students who wish to produce literary works. Not all students may choose to write, or to write literature in response to every literary piece. Even the title of a book suggests that an important purpose of literature is to make us feel a sense of wonder about life. The writers remind us that life is a special gift: one full of possibilities and full of unique and wonderful people, places, and things. The themes should be selected as to explore both common and less common topics that people everywhere can understand, think about and respond to. WHY READ LITERATURE? Literature is a way to pass on good stories. All of us know good stories, but most of us dont write them down. If we dont write our stories down or tell them to others, when we die, our stories disappear with us. Without some written record, how will we remember the stories of our own and others lives? How will future generations know them? Literature connects us to something greater. Reading literature connects us to other points of view-lets us see life through others eyes-so that we may know and appreciate more of it. Literature lets us walk inside other peoples shoes and discover how that feels. Literature introduces us to people so completely different from us that we discover how much we have in common. High-school language teachers have many responsibilities. In addition to teaching literature and reading comprehension, grammar and the writing process, they must also teach vocabulary. Vocabulary instruction is not an easy task. Sometimes it is difficult to teach because students tend to be unwilling to learn new words as they grow up in a society where sophisticated language can be deemed undesirable. Manzo, Manzo, and Thomas (2006) reported that the influx of reality television, rap and hip-hop music, and other pop-cultural factors make those using intellectual language appear conceited. Similarly, the increase of students coming from lower socio-economic families and from diverse backgrounds is on the rise. The state of deprivation means that educators need to make instruction as meaningful as possible because, no matter the obstacles they may face, students are expected to become productive citizens, and the development of a compelling vocabulary encourages reading comprehension and allows people to contribute to society. Teachers have to be willing to teach students the value of improving their vocabularies in order to close the gap between the reality of the childââ¬â¢s life and the expectations of the childââ¬â¢s school (Blachowicz Fisher, 2004). Because it can be difficult, especially for overwhelmed teachers, to create an effective vocabulary program, they sometimes rely on their colleagues for previously-given vocabulary tests, or they may simply use school-adopted materials (Brabham Villaume, 2002). ââ¬Å"Consistently, the most common recalled vocabulary instruction centers around receiving an arbitrary list of words on Monday [and] looking up the definitions of the words in a dictionaryâ⬠(Rupley Nichols, 2005, p. 240). However, this type of word study is unproductive when the students take the initial definition and try to make sense of the word. For instance, if students took the definition of ââ¬Å"brimâ⬠to be ââ¬Å"edge,â⬠they may think that, ââ¬Å"The knife has a sharp brim,â⬠is a logical sentence (Brabham Villaume, 2002). Furthermore, the vocabulary words may mean something entirely different when used in another context, or the definition of the vocabulary word may contain words that the students do not recognize (Rhoder Huerster, 2002). A similar method of instruction involves students completing drill-and-practice activities like workbook exercises, but these should not be the only strategies to teach new words (Venetis, 1999). With these word-lists/drill-and-practice approaches to vocabulary instruction, students often forget the meanings of the words and do not develop the skills necessary to use the words in their own speaking and writing. Even if memorization is mastered using this technique of instruction, that does not suggest that the students have enough knowledge of the word to apply its meaning to their own writing. Dixon-Krauss (2002) observed that even after ninth-grade students had taken their vocabulary tests, they had problems incorporating the words into writing, and their papers suffered from incorrect usage and incoherent paragraphs. Francis and Simpson (2003) reported that students were able to respond correctly to multiple-choice questions about vocabulary words, but they were not able to relate words to texts that they were reading or to write significant paragraphs. There was a need for teachers to consider another technique of vocabulary instruction that might assure students learned a wordââ¬â¢s meaning and also how to use the word properly in speaking and writing. Another method of teaching students vocabulary is through reading, and students who read widely have expansive vocabularies (Blachowicz Fisher, 2004). However, all students do not read extensively, and many only read what they are required to read for school classes. Francis and Simpson (2003) reported that the average high-school student is assigned about 50 pages per week from assignments for their content courses. That number will increase to nearly 500 pages per week when that student reaches college. Additionally, by the time students reach college, professors expect them to be able to learn the text independently ââ¬Å"because they do not have the time or inclination to discuss the information during classâ⬠. What does this report mean for high-school teachers? They are faced with the duty of not only developing their studentsââ¬â¢ vocabularies, but also helping them create strategies to learn vocabulary on their own. ââ¬Å"A serious commitment to decreasing gaps in vocabulary and comprehension includes instruction that allows all students to learn and use strategies that will enable them to discover and deepen understandings of words during independent readingâ⬠(Brabham Villaume, 2002). To approach the instruction of vocabulary through literature, teachers often choose to teach vocabulary through context. Teaching vocabulary through context simply means to look for clues in the sentence that might tell the reader something about the meaning of the word in question; furthermore, researchers have studied the impact of visual and verbal clues on learning words in context. Terrill, Scruggs, and Mastropieri (2004) studied mnemonic strategies used in vocabulary instruction for eight 10th-grade students with learning disabilities and found that using keywords with pictures that hint at a wordââ¬â¢s meaning increased the studentsââ¬â¢ vocabulary test scores. By the end of the study, students had learned 92% of their vocabulary using this strategy compared with 49% of words learned using the word-list approach. Several other studies have been performed that examined the contextual method of vocabulary instruction together with the word-list approach to vocabulary acquisition. Dillard (2005) explored definitional and contextual methods of vocabulary instruction in four secondary English classrooms with a mixture of students in grades 10 through 12 and found that students using the contextual method of instruction outperformed the ones using the definitional, word-list approach on three of the four tests given in the study. In order to really know a word, students must be able to use it in more than one context; it must be used in writing, speaking, and listening (Rupley Nichols, 2005). Having presented all these, indeed, literature is one of the best ways of teaching vocabulary. Both students and teachers benefit from the advantages of a rich language literary piece . For teachers is a pleasure and for students can be the beginning of a new passion ââ¬â reading. Every teacher`s of language dream is to have students who enjoy reading, accomplishing that simplifies the daily class routine and serves the purpose of obtaining performance. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06598634858250930739noreply@blogger.com0